http://www.umsl.edu/~ccj/

Faculty

Janet L. Lauritsen, Professor*, Chairperson
Ph.D., University of Illinois-Urbana
Robert Bursik, Professor*
Ph.D., University of Chicago
G. David Curry, Professor*
Ph.D., University of Chicago
Scott H. Decker, Professor*
Ph.D., Florida State University
Finn Aage Esbensen, E. Des Lee Professor of Youth Crime And Violence*
Ph.D., University of Colorado
Richard Rosenfeld, Professor*
Ph.D., University of Oregon
Richard Wright, Professor*,
Ph.D., Cambridge University
Eric Baumer, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., State University of New York at Albany
David Klinger, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of Washington
Jody Miller, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of Southern California
Allen E. Wagner, Associate Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., Washington University
Rodney Brunson, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., University of Illinois-Chicago
Beth Marie Huebner, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., Michigan State University
Callie Rennison, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., University of Houston
Eric Stewart, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., Iowa State University
Timothy Maher, Lecturer
M.A., University of Missouri-St. Louis

*members of Graduate Faculty

Criminology and criminal justice faculty represent several academic disciplines. By integrating practice with theory, faculty are able to present a comprehensive picture of crime and the justice system. This nexus of theory and application is found most directly in the department's emphasis on understanding policy in criminology and criminal justice. All components of crime and justice are represented in the curriculum including criminal behavior, delinquency, crime prevention, arrest, prosecution, defense, court processing, probation, prison, and parole. A special feature of the program is the cadre of local professionals who supplement the regular faculty.

General Information

Degrees and Areas of Concentration
The department offers courses leading to the Bachelor of Science, the Master of Arts, and Ph.D. in criminology and criminal justice.

Cooperative Programs
Faculty of the criminology and criminal justice department hold appointments as fellows in the Center for International Studies and the Institute for Women's and Gender Studies. Workshops, projects, credit courses, and other social services are brought to the criminal justice community.

Internships
Majors are strongly encouraged to participate in CCJ 3280 Internship in Criminology and Criminal Justice, during their junior or senior year. The internship affords students the opportunity to gain experience in a criminal justice agency under the joint supervision of agency personnel and criminology and criminal justice faculty.

Minor in Criminology and Criminal Justice
The minor gives recognition to those students from other major areas who find that criminology and criminal justice courses fit their academic or professional needs and/or interests.

Chair’s List
Each semester, faculty members nominate undergraduates who have done outstanding work in one or more of their courses to the department’s Chair’s List. In addition to being nominated by faculty member, the student must meet a cumulative grade-point average threshold for placement on the Chair’s List. The list is featured on the department’s website, the students receive a special letter of recognition from the Chair, and the Dean of Arts and Sciences is notified of their accomplishment.

Undergraduate Studies

General Education Requirements Majors must satisfy the university and college general education requirements. Courses used to fulfill the social science or state requirement may not be taken from courses in the major. Foreign language proficiency is not required, although students are encouraged to take foreign language courses. Majors may not take the following courses on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis: criminology and criminal justice courses; Soc 3220, Quantitative Techniques in Sociology; or Soc 3230, Research Methods. Additionally, substitutions which have been approved by departmental advisers for these courses may not be taken on a satisfactory/ unsatisfactory basis.

Degree Requirements
Courses used to fulfill the social science or state requirements may not be taken from courses in the major.

Students may register for 3000-5000 level courses only after completing Eng 3100 (Advanced Expository Writing).

Students may register for 3000-5000 level courses only after obtaining a signature from the adviser in criminology and criminal justice. All prerequisites must be satisfied prior to enrolling in a course.

CCJ majors may not take course numbers 1100, 2260, or 3345 offered through UM-Independent Studies to fulfill degree requirements in the major.

Bachelor of science in criminology and criminal justice candidates must complete the core curriculum listed below:

Core Curriculum
The following courses in criminology and criminal justice are required:
1100, Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice
1110, Theories of Crime
1200, Criminal Law
1130, Criminal Justice Policy
2210, Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice
2220, Statistical Analysis in Criminology and Criminal Justice
4390, Seminar in Criminology and Criminal Justice

One of the following courses in Criminology and Criminal Justice:

3305, Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice
3325, Violence Against Women
4325, Gender, Crime, and Justice
4340, Race, Crime, and Justice

Two courses from the following four:
2230, Crime Prevention
2240, Policing
2260, Corrections
2270 , Juvenile Justice and Delinquency

Two additional courses at the 3000, 4000, or 5000 level:
4300, Communities and Crime
3305, Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice
3310, Computers in Criminal Justice
3320, The Death Penalty
3325, Violence Against Women
3330, White Collar Crime
3345, Rights of the Offender
4320, Forms of Criminal Behavior
4325, Gender, Crime, and Justice
3043, History of Crime and Justice
4335, Probation and Parole
4340, Race, Crime, and Justice
4350, Victimology
4380, Special Topics in Criminology and Criminal Justice
5515, Ethics in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Elective Courses
1150, Violence in America
1990, The City
2180, Alcohol, Drugs and Society
2250, Youth Gangs
2265, Capital Punishment
3280, Internship in Criminology and Criminal Justice
3290, Special Readings

Requirements for the Minor
The minor has been designed to ground students in the basics of criminology and criminal justice.

All minor candidates must take:
1100, Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice

The candidate must then select from two of the following three courses:
1110, Theories of Crime
1120, Criminal Law
1130, Criminal Justice Policy
Candidates must then complete 6 hours of criminology and criminal justice course work at the 2000 level or above.

Candidates must also have a cumulative grade point average of 2.0 or better in the minor. None of the courses may be taken on a satisfactory/ unsatisfactory (s/u) basis.

Graduate Studies

Master of Arts in Criminology and Criminal Justice
The department offers a Master of Arts degree in Criminology and Criminal Justice, which provides students with advanced theoretical and methodological training for research and management careers in criminal justice.

Admission Requirements
The minimum GPA for regular admission to graduate study is 3.0 on a 4-point scale and students are expected to begin their course of study in the Fall semester. Admission is competitive.

Degree Requirements
The M.A. in Criminology and Criminal Justice requires the completion of 33 credit hours, at least 21 of which are required to be in courses housed in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. 12 of these hours represent the core of the curriculum Students may choose between a thesis and nonthesis course of study. Students whose cumulative GPAs fall below 3.0 after 9 or more hours of work will be placed on probation and given one semester to raise their cumulative GPAs to at least the 3.0 threshold.

Plan of Study
Required Coursework (21 hours)
6400, Proseminar: Criminology and Criminal Justice (3; core)
6405, Methods (3; core)
6410, Statistics (3; core)
5415, Foundations of Criminological Theory (3; core)
Three additional Criminology and Criminal Justice seminars at the 6000 level (9; non-core)

Electives (12 hours)
Twelve elective hours of coursework are required; some or all of these credits may be earned in Criminology and Criminal Justice 6000 level seminars not counted toward the 21 hour requirement. Students may take a maximum of two 4000-level courses in partial fulfillment of this requirement but they must have the prior approval of the Graduate Committee. All electives taken outside the College of Arts and Sciences also must receive prior approval of the Graduate Committee.

Transfer Courses
Transfer courses are evaluated for acceptance on a case-by-case basis subject to the rules and regulations of the Graduate School. A maximum of 11 credit hours earned at other institutions can be credited toward the UMSL M.A. degree in Criminology and Criminal Justice.

Ph.D. Program in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Eligibility
Undergraduate applicants must have a baccalaureate degree or expect one by the end of the academic year in which they apply. Applicants must have a grade point average of 3.0 or greater (on a scale of A = 4.0) for the last 60 hours of undergraduate work.

Graduate applicants who have or will have a master's degree must have a grade point average of 3.0 or greater (on a scale of A = 4.0) for their graduate course work.

Application
To consider an applicant for admission, the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice must have transcripts, three letters of recommendations, GRE scores and a writing sample. Applicants with master's degrees should include a chapter of their thesis. International students whose native language is not English are required to submit scores from the TOEFL examination.

Amount of Course Work
Sixty post-baccalaureate hours of graduate work are required for the Ph.D. More than half of these hours must be completed in residence. Twelve credit hours of dissertation research (CCJ 7499) are required. Students may enroll for dissertation credits (CCJ 7499) only when all other degree requirements have been completed.

Required courses for the Ph.D. are:
6400, Proseminar
6405, Methods
6410, Statistics
5415, Foundations of Criminological Theory
5475, Evaluation Research Methods
6420, Contemporary Criminological Theory
6440, Nature of Crime
6450, Criminal Justice Organization
6465, Qualitative Research Design
6470, Quantitative Research Design
6471, Evaluating Criminal Justice Interventions
6480, Multivariate Statistics

Students are also required to complete at least 9 hours from the following courses:
5533, Philosophy of Law
5555, Ethical and Legal Issues in Criminal Justice
6430, Law and Social Control
6431, The Nature of Punishment
6432, Criminal Law
6434, Human Rights
6435, Law, Courts, and Public Policy
6436, Comparative Legal Systems
6437, Private Justice
6441, Juvenile Delinquency
6442, Communities and Crime
6443, Violent Crime
6444, Organizational Crime
6445, Property Crime
6446, Sex Crime
6447, Public Order Crime
6448, Victimization
6451, Juvenile Justice Systems
6452, The Police
6453, Adjudication
6454, Corrections

Additional courses beyond the above requirements are taken as elective courses. These courses may be at the 5000 level. Students are also encouraged to take courses outside the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice.

Comprehensive Examination  
Graduate students in the Ph.D. program do not become recognized as Ph.D. candidates until they have passed the comprehensive examination. The goals of the comprehensive examination are to assess the student's familiarity with substantive literature, theory and methods of criminology and criminal justice and to evaluate the student's intellectual imagination and ability to apply knowledge to broad criminological questions.

The qualifying examination will consist of two parts-the first focusing on crime and criminality and the second on criminal justice. Each will integrate theory and methods into the substantive literature. Part one of the exam (on crime and criminality) will consist of a six-hour examination without access to notes or external references. Part two (on criminal justice) will be a 48-hour, non-collaborative, take-home examination.

Other information about the qualifying exam is available from the department.

The Dissertation
The dissertation is required of all Ph.D. candidates and demonstrates the student's scholarly expertise. The dissertation process formally begins when all other requirements of the Ph.D. program have been met. The dissertation committee assists in selecting and developing the research problem and evaluates the student's work on that problem.

Career Outlook
The orientation of the criminology and criminal justice faculty and of the degree program prepares the graduate to work professionally for local, state, and federal agencies concerned with maintaining public safety by the prevention of crime and apprehension and rehabilitation of offenders. The B.S. in criminology and criminal justice is also advantageous for careers with various social agencies, especially those connected with the juvenile court system, probation and parole, and local police. Many students use the B.S. in criminology and criminal justice as preparation for law school.

The interdisciplinary curricula unify a body of knowledge from criminology, social science, law, public administration, and corrections, and provide the student with an understanding of the assumptions, values, and processes of the system of justice. Many prelaw students choose criminology and criminal justice as an undergraduate major because of the excellent preparation offered for law school. An internship program is offered for college credit. The liaison, supervision, and experience with public agencies that form an integral part of this program help the student arrive at a career decision.

Course Descriptions
Prerequisites may be waived by consent of the department or instructor.

Students who have earned 24 or more semester hours of credit at any accredited post-secondary institutions(s) before the start of the fall 2002 semester must meet the general education requirements stipulated in the UM-St Louis 2001-2002 Bulletin. The following courses fulfill the Social Sciences breadth of study requirements as described in that Bulletin:
1100, 1200, 1075, 1110, 1120, 1130, 2180, 2210, 2220, 2226, 2230, 2240, 2260, 2270, 3043, 3290, 3305, 3310, 4300, 4320, 4325, 3043, 4335, 4340, 3345, 4350, 4380, 4390, 5515.

The following courses fulfill the Humanities breadth of study requirements: 2252.

1075 Crime and Punishment (3)
Same as Soc 1075 and ID1075. An introduction to sociological and psychological explanations of crime and punishment. An examination of private and governmental responses to the threats of crime and delinquent behavior.

1100 Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Introduction to the basic concepts and approaches in the study of criminology and criminal justice. The major components of the criminal justice system are examined. Course fulfills the state requirement.

1110 Theories of Crime (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Introduction to major theoretical approaches to the study of crime and justice.

1120 Criminal Law (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Analysis of substantive criminal law, evidence and judicial procedure.

1130 Criminal Justice Policy (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Introduction to criminal justice policy making, planning, and implementation.

1150 Violence in America (3) [SS]
Prerequisites: CCJ 1100 or consent of instructor. Overview of patterns and correlates of violence in America. Emphasis on the variety of forms of violent crime, such as murder, assault, robbery, rape, and gang violence. Includes an examination of violence as a response to lawbreaking.

1200 Foundations of Law: An Introduction to Legal Studies (3) [MI, V, SS]
Same as ID 1200, and Pol Sci 1200. As a broad liberal-arts approach to the study of law, this course is designed to familiarize students with legal ideas, legal reasoning, and legal processes. It also provides comparative and historical perspectives on law that will help explain legal diversity and legal change. Finally, it offers opportunities to explore some of the persistent issues in law and legal theory: for example, issues about the sources of law, the responsibilities of the legal profession, or the relative merits of the adversary system.

2180 Alcohol, Drugs, and Society (3)
Same as Soc 2180. Prerequisite: Soc 1010 or Psych 1003. This course examines the medical, legal, and social aspects of alcohol and drug use. Medical aspects considered include treatment approaches and the role of physicians in controlling such behavior. In the legal realm, past and present alcohol and drug laws are explored. Cultural and social influences on alcohol and drug use are discussed.

2210 Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Examination of basic methods of research design, measurement and data collection in criminology and criminal justice.

2220 Statistical Analysis in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 2210 and the university math requirement. An introduction to techniques of quantitative data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are applied to problems in criminology and criminal justice.

2226 Law and the Individual (3)
Same as Pol Sci 2260. Prerequisite: Pol Sci 1100, or 1200, or consent of instructor. An examination of the formal and informal aspects and processes of the American judicial system and its effect on the individual. The course will cover criminal and civil law, public and private law, state and federal courts, and the processes by which disputes are transformed into legal actions. Topics include judicial selection and recruitment, plea bargaining, the impact and implementation of judicial decisions, the examination of a number of substantive areas of law like contracts and torts, and the role of courts in policy-making and dispute resolution. Course fulfills the state requirement.

2230 Crime Prevention (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Examination of situational, social, and legislative approaches to the prevention of crime and delinquency. Emphasis on theories, implementation and consequences of these approaches.

2240 Policing (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Overview of current and historical perspectives on the function of American policing. Emphasis on the management of police organizations and relationships with the community.

2251 Youth Gangs (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1100 or consent of instructor. This course provides an overview of research and policy concerning youth gangs. Definitional and methodological issues will be examined, along with both qualitative and quantitative research. Topics include: the causes of gangs and gang involvement; crime, victimization, and drug involvement; and variations by race, gender, time period, and geography.

2252 Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Justice (3)
Same as Phil 2252. Addresses fundamental conceptual and ethical issues that arise in the context of the legal system. Questions may include: How does punishment differ from pre-trial detention? How, if at all, can it be justified? Is the death penalty ever justified? When is it morally permissible for juries to acquit defendants who are legally guilty? Is plea bargaining unjust? Whey might people be morally obligated to obey

2260 Corrections (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Examination of correctional philosophies and practices. Emphasis on the history of correction, the formal and informal organization of correction facilities, inmate rights, and correctional alternatives.

2265 Capital Punishment (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1100 or consent of instructor. Consideration of various aspects of the death penalty, including an examination of its history, ethics, application, and international setting.

2270 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100. Examination of formal and informal responses to juvenile delinquency. Emphasis on theories of delinquency and the decision-making processes of police, court and probation officials.

3043 History of Crime and Justice (3)
Same as Hist 3043. Prerequisites: Junior Standing, CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, and Eng 3100, or consent of instructor. The analysis, development, and change in philosophies and responses to crime. Emphasis on major forms and definitions of crime, the emergence of modern policing, the birth of the prison, and the juvenile court.

3280 Internship in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing. Internship under faculty supervision in a criminal justice setting. May be repeated once.

3290 Special Readings (1-6)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Individualized study, under regular faculty supervision, designed to meet particular educational needs of selected students.

3305 Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1120, 1130, 2220 and Eng 3100, or consent of instructor. Analysis of crime and criminal justice systems in selected cultures. Emphasis on the ways in which these cultures define and respond to criminal behavior. Fulfills CCJ diversity requirement.

3310 Computers in Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1120, 1130, 2220 and Eng 3100 or consent of instructor. Use of computers, data base systems, and software applications in research and professional practice.

3320 The Death Penalty (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1100. An examination of the history, application, and attitudes toward the death penalty.

3325 Violence Against Women (3)
Prerequisites: Junior Standing, CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, and Eng 3100, or consent of instructor. This course examines the nature, extent, causes and consequences of various types of violence against women, including rape, sexual assault, stalking, and intimate partner violence. Criminal justice policy and practice regarding violence against women are also examined. Fulfills CCJ diversity requirement.

3330 White Collar Crime (3)
Prerequisites: Junior Standing, CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, and Eng 3100, or consent of instructor. This course examines the physical and financial harm caused by crimes committed by corporations and business employees. Theoretical and empirical perspectives will be examined. Topics include: definitional issues and ethics; public perceptions; social, political and economic impact; and legal decision-making.

3345 Rights of the Offender (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1120, 1130, 2220 and Eng 3100, or consent of instructor. Analysis of the objectives of criminal law regarding the rights of persons suspected or convicted of crime. Emphasis on rights regarding the police, the court, and in correctional settings.

4300 Communities and Crime (3)
Same as Soc 4300. Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, or consent of instructor. Analysis of the sources, consequences, and control of crime within communities. Emphasis on social and ecological theories of crime, and on population instability, family structure, and the concentration of poverty as causes of crime.

4320 Forms of Criminal Behavior (3)
Same as Soc 4320. Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, or consent of instructor. Examination of major types of criminal behavior including violent, property, public order, and organizational offenses. Emphasis on theories of and responses to these crimes.

4325 Gender, Crime, and Justice (3)
Same as Soc 4325. Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, or consent of instructor. Analysis of the role of gender in crime and in the justice system. Emphasis on gender differences in crime commission, criminal processing, and the employment of women in criminal justice agencies. Fulfills CCJ diversity requirement.

4335 Probation and Parole (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, 2260, and Eng 3100 or consent of instructor. Analysis of alternatives to incarceration and post incarceration supervision. Emphasis on diversion, restitution, and community reintegration.

4340 Race, Crime, and Justice (3)
Same as Soc 4340. Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, 2260 or consent of instructor. Analysis of the involvement of racial minorities in crime and the criminal justice system. Emphasis on group differences in offending, processing, victimization, and employment in criminal justice agencies. Fulfills CCJ diversity requirement.

4350 Victimology (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, and Eng 3100 or consent of instructor. Analysis of major perspectives on victimization. Emphasis on patterns of victimization, the role of victims in the generation of crime, and the experience of the victim in the criminal justice system.

4380 Special Topics in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, and Eng 3100 or consent of instructor. In-depth study of a selected topic in criminology and criminal justice.

4390 Seminar in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, Eng 3100, and senior standing, or consent of instructor.. In this capstone course, students demonstrate the ability to work independently, integrating theory and research in criminology and criminal justice in a major research paper supervised by the instructor.

4487 Philosophy of Law (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 1100, and 3 hours of philosophy or consent of instructor. Same as Phil 4920. An examination of typical problems raised by law, including the basis of legal obligations and rights, relations between law and morality, the logic of legal reasoning, and the justification for punishment. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4650 Forensic Issues in Mental Health (3) (Same as SW 4650) This is an intensive issues course, investigating the intersection between the legal system and mental health. Students will explore issues involved in civil and criminal trial proceedings such as insanity defenses, diminished capacity, and competency to stand trial, civil commitment, battered women and rape trauma syndrome, sexual abuse of children, child custody, and domestic violence. In addition, the course will examine the roles of mental health practitioners as forensic evaluators, trial consultants and expert witnesses in a variety of mental health related cases.

5415 Foundations of Criminological Theory (3)
Same as Soc 5415. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Examination of the history of criminological thought incorporating the major works of such theorists as Bentham, Beccaria, Marx, Durkheim, Lombroso, Sutherland, and Merton.

5475 Evaluation Research Methods (3)
Same as Psych 5475, Soc 5475, and PPA 6750. Prerequisites: At least one course in Research Design and Statistics at the graduate level. A comparative study of research strategies with regard to data sources, data collection, and modes of analysis that are appropriate for program evaluation research. Attention is given to observational, survey, and quasi-experimental methodologies.

5515 Ethics in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Same as Phil 5515. Prerequisites: CCJ 1110, 1120, 1130, 2210, 2220, Phil 2253, 2254, 2256, 4430, 4435, 4438, or consent of instructor. Examination of major ethical issues encountered in criminology and criminal justice research and practice.

5531 The Nature of Punishment (3)
Same as Phil 5531. Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Or consent of instructor. The historical development of punishment philosophies and techniques. Topics include the emergence of the modern prison, the joining of medical and legal treatment, and rationales for alternative forms of punishment.

5533 Philosophy of Law (3)
Same as Phil 5533. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of origins of law and the basis for legal obligation. Specific consideration of the justification of punishment, morality and law, and legal reasoning.

5555 Ethical and Legal Issues in Criminal Justice (3)
Same as Phil 5555. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the moral and legal aspects of the policies and practices of criminal justice agencies and agents. Issues may include treatment of offenders, the role of technology, and research and professional ethics.

6400 Proseminar (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Must be taken in the first semester. A critical examination of theoretical, methodological and policy issues in criminology and criminal justice. Focus is on the nature of crime, policing, pretrial processes, adjudication, and corrections.

6405 Methods (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing. Examination of basic methods for research design and data collection. Topics include participant observation and interviewing, survey research, aggregate data analysis, and experimental design.

6410 Statistical Applications in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 6405. Examination of elementary principles of quantitative analysis and their application to crime and justice problems. Topics include univariate, bivariate and multivariate procedures for discrete and continuous data, and a comprehensive introduction to ordinary least squares regression.

6420 Contemporary Criminological Theory (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 5415. Examination of contemporary explanations of crime and criminal justice. Theories covered include strain, control, cultural, labeling, conflict, as well as more recent attempts at theoretical integration and multidisciplinary integration.

6422 Law, Courts, and Public Policy (3)
Same as PolSci 6422. Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Analysis of public policies, as represented by laws, court decisions, and agency adjudication, judicial review discrimination, affirmative action, urban planning, social welfare, intergovernmental relations, environmental law, freedom of information, and privacy concerns will be surveyed. The relationship between courts and the Constitution, courts and legislatures, and courts and the administrative process will be stressed.

6430 Law and Social Control (3)
Same as Soc 5461. Prerequisites: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Examination of the relationship between law and other social institutions, the values and interests that are expressed in law and shaped by legal structures and processes, and law as an instrument of public policy, social control, and social change.

6434 Human Rights (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of human rights from historical and cross cultural perspectives. Topics include capital and corporal punishment, political prisoners, rights of the accused, and rights of those imprisoned.

6435 Gender, Crime and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. This course provides an analysis of theories of crime, crime processing and gender. Topics examined include the role of gender in criminal offending and victimization. The impact of gender on criminal/juvenile justice system processing and treatment will be addressed.

6436 Comparative Legal Systems (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of crime and criminal justice systems in world perspective.

6437 Private Justice (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the private sector's impact on formal criminal and juvenile justice systems, as well as the development of private security and informal justice systems. Financial incentives, moral and legal issues are explored.

6440 Nature of Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of patterns and correlates of crime at the individual, situational, and aggregate levels. Topics include definitions of crime, offending typologies, and criminal careers.

6441 Juvenile Delinquency (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of youth crime and juvenile offenders. Topics include definitions of juvenile crime, and theories of juvenile crime causation in the United States

6442 Communities and Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the trends and sources of crime and social disorder across communities. The course emphasizes relationships among crime, fear of crime, neighborhood change, neighborhood responses to crime, and public policies.

6443 Violent Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the sources and patterns of violent offending across time and space. Topics include conceptions and typologies of violent crimes and offenders, victim-offender relationships, and efforts to predict and control violent offending.

6444 Organizational Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of crime by and within groups. Focuses on the types of criminal behavior known as organized crime, white collar crime, and political corruption.

6445 Property Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the sources and patterns of property offending across time and space. Topics include conceptions and typologies of property crimes and offenders, victim-offender relationships, and efforts to predict and control property offending.

6446 Sex Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Examination of consensual and non-consensual sexual offending. Topics include historical development of laws regulating sexual conduct, controversies surrounding the application of these laws, and the nature and distribution of sexual offenses.

6447 Public Order Crime (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the nature of, prevalence of, and efforts to control public order crimes such as gambling, illicit drug use, prostitution, vagrancy, and disorderly conduct. The function of public order crimes as a means to control disruptive or threatening persons and groups is emphasized.

6448 Victimization (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the risks and consequences of crime for its victims. Issues considered include victim-offender relationships, characteristics of victims, the nature of the injuries they experience and criminal justice procedures that involve them.

6450 Criminal Justice Process and Policy (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An analysis of criminal justice as a network of decisions and complex organizations. Topics include sources of criminal justice policy, policy agendas, implementation and evaluation.

6451 Juvenile Justice Systems (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An examination of the historical evolution of juvenile justice and the processes by which specific behaviors are identified as delinquent. Informal responses to delinquency also are explored.

6452 The Police (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Historical, social and political analysis of policing in America. Examination of federal, state, county, and municipal agencies.

6453 Adjudication (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the objectives, institutions and processes involved in the adjudication of offenders. Topics address the structure and function of the judicial system and principal court actors.

6454 Corrections (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the history, forms, and functions of correctional philosophies, institutions, programs, and policies. Topics include the structure and functions of prisons and jails, community corrections, intermediate sanctions, and the growth of correctional control in modern society.

6465 Qualitative Research Design (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Examination of participant observation and informant and respondent interviewing. Topics include gaining access, sampling, data collection and analysis, and legal and ethical concerns.

6470 Quantitative Research Design (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of experimental, longitudinal, and cross-sectional designs. Sources of data, sampling procedures, operational definitions, and issues of reliability are also discussed.

6471 Evaluating Criminal Justice Interventions (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 6405 and CCJ 6410. This course examines a broad range of interventions designed to prevent crime or improve some aspect of the criminal justice system. The validity, reliability, and feasibility of differing intervention designs are addressed. Several major criminal justice evaluations are discussed.

6480 Multivariate Statistics in Criminology (3)
Prerequisite: CCJ 6405 and CCJ 6470. Introduction to the general linear model with applications to multivariate problems in criminal justice and criminology. Topics include advanced ordinary least squares, modeling, time series analysis, simultaneous equations, and analysis of limited dependent variables.

6485 Directed Readings/Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice (1-6)
Prerequisite: Consent of Instructor. Directed reading and research, under faculty supervision, designed to meet particular educational needs of selected students.

6495 Internship in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Supervised placements with criminal justice agencies. Designed primarily for students with limited field experience.

6498 M.A. Thesis Research (1-6)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing and consent of instructor.

6500 Professional Proseminar: Criminology & Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate Standing (Must be taken in the first semester.) A critical examination of theoretical, methodological, and policy issues confronting criminal justice professionals. Focus is on nature of crime, policing, corrections and community supervision.

6505 Research Methods for Criminal Justice Professionals (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate Standing Examination of basic and applied methods for research design and data collection. Topics include participant observation and interviewing, surveys, aggregate data analysis, and program evaluation.

6510 Applied Statistics in Criminology & Criminal Justice (3)
Prerequisites: CCJ 4505. Examination of elementary principles of quantitative analysis and their application to criminal justice settings. Topics include univariate, bivariate, and multivariate procedures for discrete and continuous data routinely used by criminal justice professionals.

7499 Ph.D. Dissertation Research (1-6)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. To be arranged