http://www.umsl.edu/~physics/

Faculty

Bruce A. Wilking, Professor*, Chairperson
Ph.D., University of Arizona
Jacob J. Leventhal, Curators’ Professor*
Ph.D., University of Florida
Frank Edward Moss, Curators’ Professor*
Ph.D., University of Virginia
Ta-Pei Cheng, Professor*
Ph.D., Rockefeller University
Bernard Joseph Feldman, Professor*
Ph.D., Harvard University
Ricardo A. Flores, Professor*
Ph.D., University of California-Santa Cruz
Thomas F. George, Professor and Chancellor
Ph.D., Yale University
Peter Herwig Handel, Professor*
Ph.D., University of Bucharest
Bob Londes Henson, Professor*
Ph.D., Washington University
Richard Dean Schwartz, Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., University of Washington
Philip Fraundorf, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., Washington University
Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of California-Berkeley
Kyungho Oh, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., Purdue University
Wilfred H. Sorrell, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Zhi Xu, Associate Professor
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh
Sonya Bahar, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., University of Rochester
Mark L. Spano, Adjunct Professor
Ph.D., University of Maryland
Mary Jane Kernan, Affiliated Assistant Professor
Ph.D., Washington University
Mary M. Leopold, Adjunct Associate Professor
Ph.D., Washington University
Lu Fei, Adjunct Assistant Professor
Ph.D., University of Missouri-St. Louis
Jingyue Liu, Adjunct Assistant Professor
Ph.D., Arizona State University
Lucio Mule’Stagno, Adjunct Assistant Professor
Ph.D., University of Missouri-St. Louis
Daniel J. Leopold, Research Associate Professor
Ph.D., Washington University
Aleksandr B. Neyman, Adjunct Associate Professor
Ph.D., Dr. Sc., Saratgov State University, Russia

*members of Graduate Faculty

General Information

Degrees and Areas of Concentration
The Department of Physics & Astronomy offers course work leading to the B.A. in physics, the B.S. in physics, and in cooperation with the College of Education, the B.A. in physics with teacher certification and the B.S. in education with an emphasis in physics.

The department offers meritorious students opportunities to participate in teaching and research to help prepare them for the independent effort required in industry or graduate school. The department’s faculty members have a diversity of interests and are active in various experimental and theoretical research areas.

Graduate work leading to the Master of Science in physics is also offered. The M.S. in physics program combines a sound basis in the fundamental areas of classical and modern physics from both a theoretical and an applied perspective. The program is designed to enable students with undergraduate backgrounds in physics or other technical areas to further their professional development and maintain and improve their technical development. The program is offered almost entirely in the evening to serve students who are employed locally. The department offers the Ph.D. degree in cooperation with the University of Missouri-Rolla Physics Department. Students must satisfy the UM-Rolla admission standards, and the UM-Rolla Qualifying Exam in Physics is required of UM-St. Louis Ph.D. students. However, all course work and dissertation research may be completed while the student is in residence at UM-St. Louis.

Undergraduate Studies

General Education Requirements : Majors must complete the university and college general education requirements. Any of the following courses may be used to satisfy the physical science requirement:

Astronomy: 1001, 1011, 1012, 1022, 1050, 1051, 1121
Atmospheric Science: 1001
Geology 1001, 1002
Physics: 1001, 1011, 1012, 2111, 2112.

Degree Requirements
All physics majors in all programs must complete the physics core curriculum. In addition to the core courses, each individual program has its own specific requirements. Required Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology, Optometry and Computer Science courses for a major or minor in physics may not be taken on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory grading basis.

Core Curriculum The following physics courses are required:
2111, Mechanics and Heat
2112, Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
3200, Mathematical Methods of Theoretical Physics
3221, Mechanics
3223, Electricity and Magnetism
3231, Introduction to Modern Physics I

Also required are:
Math 1800, Analytic Geometry and Calculus I
Math 1900, Analytic Geometry and Calculus II
Math 2000, Analytic Geometry and Calculus III
Math 2020, Introduction to Differential Equations
Chem 1111, I ntroductory Chemistry I or equivalent
Computer Science 1250, Introduction to Computer Science

Note Students are urged to begin the calculus sequence [Math 1800, Analytic Geometry and Calculus I] as soon as possible to avoid delays in graduation.

Students with experience in digital computer programming may be excused from Computer Science 1250.

Bachelor of Arts in Physics The B.A. program is tailored to students wishing to preserve the option for specialization in graduate school without sacrificing the advantages of a liberal arts education. In addition to the core curriculum, including the foreign language requirement, at least three electives at the 3000 or 4000 must be completed. At least 31 hours of physics courses, but no more than 45 hours, are required.

Bachelor of Science in Physics The B.S. degree provides students with five options: general physics, astrophysics, engineering physics, medical physics or optical biophysics.

General Physics Option
This option may be elected by students desiring a greater concentration in physics and mathematics and is recommended for students wishing to enter graduate study in physics. At least 49 hours, but no more than 52, are required. In addition to the core curriculum, the following physics courses are required:
4310, Modern Electronics
4311, Advanced Physics Laboratory I
4323, Modern Optics
4331, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
4341, Thermal and Statistical Physics
and four electives at the 4000 level in physics or astronomy.

Also required are:

Math
2450, Elementary Linear Algebra
4030, Applied Mathematics II

Chemistry
1121, Introductory Chemistry II, or equivalent
and one elective in math or computer science at or above the 3000 level.

Astrophysics Option
This option may be elected by students who have interests in the aerospace sciences or anticipate graduate studies in astrophysics. At least 47 hours, but not more than 51, must be taken. In addition to the core curriculum, the following courses are required:

Physics
4323, Modern Optics
4331, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
4341, Thermal and Statistical Physics

Astronomy
1050, Introduction to Astronomy I
1051, Introduction to Astronomy II
4301, Astrophysics
4322, Observational Astronomy

And one physics electives at the 4000 level. With consent of the astronomy adviser, there may be substitution of Astronomy 1001, 1011 or 1012 for 1050 or 1051.
Also required are:
Math 2450, Elementary Linear Algebra
Math 4030, Applied Mathematics I

Engineering Physics Option
Students interested in careers in the research and development field of industry should consider this option. This program exposes the student to a basic engineering curriculum, as well as to areas of physics with industrial applications, such as electronics, modern optics, and linear analysis. At least 49 hours, but no more than 51, are required. In addition to the core curriculum, the following courses are required:

Joint Engineering
2310, Statics
2320, Dynamics

Joint Electrical Engineering
2800, Introduction to Electrical Networks

Physics
4310, Modern Electronics
4311, Advanced Physics Laboratory I
4323, Modern Optics
4331, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
4341, Thermal and Statistical Physics

Math
1320, Applied Statistics I
Also required are two additional courses in computer science or numerical analysis at or above the 3000 level.

Medical Physics Option
This option is designed for students who are interested in careers in various medical fields or biophysics. This option provides a strong preparation in physics, mathematics, chemistry, and biology for students who intend to apply for admission to medical schools. At least 41 hours of physics and biology combined, but no more than 51, are required. In addition to the core curriculum, the following physics and biology courses are required:

Physics
4310, Modern Electronics

Biology
1811, Introductory Biology I
1821, Introductory Biology II
and two additional physics electives at the 4000 level.

Also required are:

Chemistry
1121, Introductory Chemistry II
2612, Organic Chemistry I
2622, Organic Chemistry II
2633, Organic Chemistry Laboratory

Note : With approval of the chairperson of physics and astronomy, students with strong mathematical preparations who have already completed the Physics 1011 and Physics 1012 sequence in basic physics may substitute these courses for two required core courses Physics 2111 and Physics 2112, respectively. However, this is not the recommended route because Physics 2111 and 2112 give significantly better preparation for the required junior-level physics core courses. It would be the individual student’s responsibility to make up any resulting deficiencies.

Physics
4341, Thermal and Statistical Physics

Biology
1811, Introduction to Biology I
1812, Introduction to Biology II
2482, Microbiology
2483, Microbiology Laboratory

Optometry (fourth year only)
8020, Geometric Optics
8060, Biochemistry
8120, Ocular Optics
8130, Physiological Optics Lab
8150, Physical Optics and Photometry Lab

Also required are:
Chemistry
1121, Introductory Chemistry II
2612, Organic Chemistry I
2622, Organic Chemistry II
2633, Organic Chemistry Laboratory

Psychology
1003, General Psychology and one elective in psychology

Statistics,
Math 1320, Applied Statistics I or Psychology2201, Psychological Statistics

Note: Upon declaring physics as a major and selecting this option, students should seek an initial interview with the Director of Student Affairs and the Pre-Optometry Advisor in the UM-St. Louis College of Optometry to ensure that all prerequisites for the College of Optometry will be completed. A similar review is recommended at the beginning of the Winter Semester of the second year. In August following the completion of their second year of this program, students may apply formally to the UM-St. Louis College of Optometry and arrange to take the Optometry Admissions Test (OAT) in October of their third year. The applicant will be invited for a formal interview for acceptance into the College of Optometry professional program following receipt of a completed application in the Fall Semester of the candidate's third year. Following the formal interview with the College of Optometry at the beginning of the third year, students with a 3.0 or better grade point average in the science prerequisites for optometry and a score of 310 or better on the OAT exam may be accepted into the College of Optometry .

B.S. degree in Secondary Education with an Emphasis in Physics.
All candidates must enroll in a program that includes Levels I, II and III coursework in the College of Education . In addition, students must complete the following Science Core Courses and the courses listed under Physics Endorsement:

Science Core Courses:
Philosophy
3380, Philosophy of Science

Biology
1811, Introductory Biology I
1812, Introductory Biology II

Chemistry
1111, Introductory Chemistry I
1121, Introductory Chemistry II

Geology
1001, General Geology

Atmospheric Science
1001, Elementary Meteorology

Biology
1202, Environmental Biology or another environmental science

Physics
2111, Physics: Mechanics and Heat
2112, Physics: Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics

Physics Endorsement

Physics
3200, Mathematical Methods of Theoretical Physics
3221, Mechanics
3223, Electricity and Magnetism
3231, Introduction to Modern Physics
4310, Modern Electronics
4311, Advanced Physics Laboratory I
4802, or Education 3240, Methods of Teaching Science in Secondary Schools
4837, Teaching Intern Seminar

Minor in Physics
Students may complete a minor in physics with the flexibility of emphasis on classical physics, modern physics, or a combination of the two areas. The following physics courses are required:

2111, Mechanics and Heat
2112, Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
3200, Mathematical Methods of Theoretical Physics
and two additional emphasis courses chosen from the following physics courses:
3221, Mechanics
3223, Electricity and Magnetism
3231, Introduction to Modern Physics I
4310, Modern Electronics

A GPA of at least 2.0 is required in courses presented for a minor. It is required that a student completes a minimum of 6 hours of graded work in 2000 level or above courses on the UM-St. Louis campus.

Graduate Studies

Admission Requirements
The Department requires applicants to have adequate backgrounds in such areas as mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, electronics, and modern physics. Students admitted to the program with deficiencies in these areas are required to take appropriate undergraduate courses. If necessary, a remedial program is determined in consultation with the department graduate studies director at the time of application for admission.

Graduate Degree Requirements
Master’s
A student must complete 30 credit hours in graduate physics courses with at least 15 of these at the 5000 or 6000 level; of the latter 15, a maximum of 6 credit hours may be counted for thesis research. The writing of a thesis is optional. A comprehensive examination must be passed, which includes a defense of the thesis if the student has chosen to write one. A grade point average of 3.0 must be maintained during each academic year. The requirements must be fulfilled within six years from the time of admission. Two-thirds of required graduate credit must be taken in residence. No language requirement.

Doctorate
A minimum of 48 hours past the master’s degree with satisfactory performance. Residency requirement of three years/six semesters (for those with master’s degree, two years/four semesters) at UM-St. Louis and/or cooperating UM-Rolla campus. Ph.D. qualifying exam, dissertation, dissertation exam administered in cooperation with UM-Rolla. Overall requirement of B grades or better.

Dissertation may be written in absentia. No language requirement.

Special Equipment, Facilities, or Programs
The William L. Clay Center for Molecular Electronics, which opened in 1996, is a facility bringing together both physicists and chemists for research in materials science. A focus of the Center is to foster collaborations between its members and colleagues in industry. The Center houses the Scanned Tip and Electron Image Lab where research at the forefront of nanotechnology is conducted with transmitted electron, scanning probe, and scanning electron microscopes in a building uniquely designed for such work. TheCenter is spearheading the formation of the Missouri NanoAlliance, a nano-characterization and synthesis network that will facilitate the sharing of resources across Missouri. The Center for Neurodynamics, established in 1995, conducts research at the interface between physics and biology, with a focus on the roles of noise and stochastic synchronization in neutral processing. The Center has an on-site high speed (CCD) imaging system for studying the spatial dynamics of neural activity in the mammalian brain. Collaborations with St. Louis University will permit high time-resolution magnetoencephalography (MEG) image analysis, making use of a high-speed Internet 2 connction, UMSL’s new high-speed (3.8 GHz) 128-node Beowulf cluster, and Missouri’s first MEG machine. Astronomers make use of national facilities at Kitt Peak, Cerro Tololo, and Mauna Kea Observators. The Department maintains both machine and electronic shops. The University provides email and internet services through numerous student labs equipped with computers with Windows and MacIntosh operating systems, flat-bed document scanners, and color printers. The Department maintains a network of UNIX workstations with standard software packages for word and image processing. Campus computing facilities include a UNIX system and workstations. The department maintains a workstation for image processing. The department operates a machine shop and an electronics shop. In addition, the department maintains a library containing some of the most frequently used physics journals.

Typical Program:

First Semester
Physics: 6000 level and 4000, 5000 level course
Total: 6 hours

Second Semester
Physics: 6000 level and 4000, 5000 level course
Total: 6 hours

Third Semester
Physics: 6000 level and 4000, 5000 level course
Physics 6490, Thesis Research or Seminar
Total: 9 hours

Fourth Semester
Physics: 6000 level and 4000 level course
Physics 6490 Thesis Research or Seminar
Total: 9 hours

Career Outlook
Many of our students have been successful in subsequent graduate studies in astronomy and meteorology, as well as in physics. Our alumni have pursued graduate studies and earned doctorate degrees at institutions such as Cornell University, University of Wisconsin, Washington University, and University of Chicago. The many students who elected a career in industry are now working in a variety of settings for such firms as International Business Machines, Emerson Electric, Southwestern Bell, Hewlett-Packard, Boeing, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Several former students are currently teaching physics in high schools around the St. Louis area.

Course Descriptions
Prerequisites may be waived by consent of the department. Courses in this section are grouped as follows: Astronomy; Atmospheric Science; Geology; and Physics.

Students who have earned 24 or more semester hours of credit at any accredited post-secondary institutions(s) before the start of the fall 2002 semester must meet the general education requirements stipulated in the UM-St Louis 2001-2002 Bulletin. The following courses fulfill the Natural Sciences and Mathematics breadth of study requirements as described in that Bulletin:

ASTRONOMY: 1001, 1011, 1012, 1022, 1050, 1051, 1121.
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: 1001.
GEOLOGY: 1001, 1002.
PHYSICS: 1001, 1011, 1012, 2111, 2112.

Astronomy
1001 Cosmic Evolution/Introductory Astronomy (4) [MI, MS]
Planets: A brief survey of their motions and properties.
Stars: Observations, including stellar spectra and colors; stellar evolution, and star clusters. Galaxies: Structure and content of the Milky Way Galaxy, its relationship to other galaxies. Cosmology: The origin and evolution of the universe. Three classroom hours and two multimedia laboratories.

1011 Planets and Life in the Universe (3) [MS]
Man’s concept of the solar system from Stonehenge to Einstein; geology and meteorology of the planets of our solar system, with particular attention to results from the space program; exobiology-study of the possibilities of life on other worlds and the best method of communicating with it. Three classroom hours per week.

1012 The Violent Universe and the New Astronomy (3) [MS]
A nontechnical course focusing on recent results which larger telescopes and the space program have made available. Pulsars, x-ray stars, and black holes; radio astronomy, our galaxy, and interstellar molecules; exploding galaxies and quasars; origin of the expanding universe. Three classroom hours and one observing session per week.

1022 Practical Astronomy (2) [MS]
Prerequisite: Astronomy 1001 or 1011. Designed to acquaint students with observational astronomy: constellations, planets, stars, nebulae, and galaxies. Students will become familiar with operation of a telescope and its use in visual observation and photography. The basics of astronomical nomenclature and coordinates will also be emphasized. This course is primarily for nonscientists.

1050 Introduction to Astronomy I (3) [MS]
Prerequisites: Math 1030 and 1035. A survey of the history of astronomy from the ancient times to the present. The motions of the planets and stars, real and apparent, tools of the astronomer. A study of our solar system, concentrating on results of the space program.

1051 Introduction to Astronomy II (3) [MS]
Prerequisites: Math 1030 and 1035. A survey of astronomy and cosmology focusing on discoveries and phenomena outside of the solar system: stars, galaxies, quasars, etc.

1121 The Search for Extraterrestrial Life (3) [MS]
Prerequisite: Astronomy 1001 or 1011. Are we alone? The possibility of life in the universe in addition to our own will be explored. Our discussion of the chances for extraterrestrial life will be built around the current theories of chemical, biological, and cultural evolution, which have led to our own technological civilization on Earth. Strategies for communication with extraterrestrial intelligence will be discussed.

4301 Astrophysics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 3231 or consent of instructor. A moderately technical introduction to astrophysics. Topics will include: physics of stellar interiors and atmospheres; interpretation of stellar spectra; stellar evolution; radio astronomy; and cosmology.

4322 Observational Astronomy (4)
Prerequisites: Astronomy 1050, Astronomy 1051, and Math 2000 or consent of instructor. Tools of the astronomer: telescopes, spectroscopy, photoelectric photometry. Students will work on a number of projects which will enable them to develop expertise in obtaining, reducing, and analyzing astronomical observations. Student night observing will be an important part of the course. This course is primarily for persons who are astronomy or physics majors or who have some equivalent astronomical background.

Atmospheric Science
1001 Elementary Meteorology (4) [MS,MI]
Prerequisite: Math 1020 or equivalent. An elementary course covering atmospheric phenomena, weather, and climate. Topics included are temperature, pressure, and moisture distributions in the atmosphere and dynamical effects such as radiation, stability, storms, and general circulation. Three classroom hours and two hours of laboratory per week.

Geology

1001 General Geology (4) [MI,MS]
Earth materials and processes, including geological aspects of the resource/energy problem. Laboratory involves identification of common rocks and minerals.

1002 Historical Geology (4) [MI,MS]
Prerequisite: Geology 1001. Study of changes in geography, climate and life through geological time; origin of continents, ocean basins, and mountains in light of continental drift. Laboratory primarily involves description and identification of fossils.

1053 Oceanography (3)
The atmospheric and ocean circulations; the chemistry and geology of the deep sea; and their effects on the distribution of marine organisms.

Physics

1001 How Things Work (3) [MS]
Provides a practical introduction to understanding common life experiences by using physical intuition and basic ideas of physics. Powerful scientific principles are demonstrated through topics ranging from airplane wings to compact disk players, from lightning strikes to lasers.

1011 Basic Physics (4) [MI,MS]
Prerequisite: Math 1800 or 1100 may be taken concurrently. A course specifically designed for students in health and life sciences, covering the topics of classical mechanics, heat and sound. Will not fulfill the Physics 2111 requirement for physics, chemistry, and engineering majors. Three classroom hours and two hours of laboratory per week.

1012 Basic Physics (4) [MI,MS]
Prerequisite: Physics 1011. A continuation of Physics 1011. A course specifically designed for students in health and life sciences covering the topics of electricity, magnetism, light and radiation. Will not fulfill the Physics 2112 requirement for physics, chemistry, and engineering majors. Three classroom hours and two hours of laboratory per week.

1050 Introduction to Physics (4)
Prerequisite: Math 1030. A laboratory survey course which introduces students to the fields of mechanics, heat and thermodynamics, optics, electricity and magnetism, and modern physics at the pre-calculus level. A problem-solving course, recommended for science and engineering students who have no physics background or who desire additional preparation for Physics 2111. Three classroom hours and two hours of laboratory per week.

2111 Physics: Mechanics and Heat (5) [MS,MI]
Prerequisite: Math 1900 [Math 1900 may be taken concurrently]. Physics 1001, or Chemistry 1121, or equivalent is recommended. An introduction to the phenomena, concepts, and laws of mechanics and heat for physics majors and students in other departments. Three classroom hours, one hour discussion, and two hours of laboratory per week.

2112 Physics: Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics (5) [MI,MS]
Prerequisites: Physics 2111 and Math 2000 may be taken concurrently. A phenomenological introduction to the concepts and laws of electricity and magnetism, electromagnetic waves, optics and electrical circuits for physics majors and students in other departments. Three classroom hours, one hour discussion, and two hours of laboratory per week.

3200 Mathematical Methods of Theoretical Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 2112 and Math 2000. Mathematical techniques specifically used in the study of mechanics, electricity, magnetism, and quantum physics are developed in the context of various physical problems. Course includes the topics of vector calculus, coordinate systems, the Laplace equation and its solutions, elementary Fourier analysis, and complex variables. Applications to electrostatics, mechanics, and fluid dynamics are emphasized. Three classroom hours per week.

3221 Mechanics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3200 and Math 2020. Math 2020 may be taken concurrently. Advanced course covering single and many particle dynamics, rigid-body dynamics, and oscillations. Variational principles and the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics are covered. Three classroom hours per week.

3223 Electricity and Magnetism (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3200 and Math 2020. Math 2020 may be taken concurrently. Advanced course covering the rigorous development, from basic laws, of Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetic fields along with applications of these equations. Topics covered are electrostatics and electrodynamics including currents, magnetic fields, motion of charged particles in fields and an introduction to electromagnetic waves. Three classroom hours per week.

3231 Introduction to Modern Physics I (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 2111, 2112, and Math 2020 may be taken concurrently and Physics 3200 strongly recommended. Photons and the wave nature of particles, wave mechanics, Schroedinger equation, with applications to atomic physics; and radiation; the physics of solids; elementary particles; special relativity; health physics. Three classroom hours per week.

3281 Directed Readings in Physics (1-5)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. An independent study of special topics in physics. A paper may be required on an approved topic. Topics must be substantially different. Hours arranged.

3390 Research (1-10)
Prerequisite: Consent of department. Independent research projects arranged between student and instructor. Hours arranged.

3410 Seminar (1)
Presentation of selected papers by students and faculty members at weekly meeting. May be taken twice for credit.

4306 Emergent Microscopy Practicals (1-3)
Prerequisite: Consent of Instructor (1.0 credit hour per module with a maximum of 3 credit hours) A critical web-based/laboratory study of developing nanoworld microscopy techniques, designed for microscopy clients and future microscope operators. The course consist of larger set to include (a) electron microscopy, (b) materials microscopy, (c) scanned-probe microscopy, with each module covering instrumentation, wide ranging uses, and weaknesses to avoid. Each module requires two lab visits for hands-on experiences, and three sessions of structured web and e-mail interaction per week.

4307 Scanning Electron Microscopy (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. A lecture/laboratory study of scientific research techniques using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Course includes electron gun/lens optics,, beam-specimen interactions, image formation, associated x-ray techniques, and analysis of images. Two classroom hours and two hours laboratory each week.

4308 Transmission Electron Microscopy (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4307 or consent of instructor. A lecture/laboratory study of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in conventional, analytical, and phase-contrast (high resolution) applications. Course includes advanced electron optics and image formation, defect structures, specimen preparation, contrast theory, diffraction/periodicity analysis, and electron energy loss/x-ray spectroscopy. Two classroom hours and two hours laboratory per week.

4309 Scanning Probe Microscopy (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4307 or consent of instructor. A lecture/laboratory study of research techniques using scanning probe microscopy. Topics include atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, feedback control, scanning tip fabrication, scan calibrations, air/solution/vacuum imaging, image processing and analysis, near-field optical probes, metrology, and lateral force/displacement microscopy. Applications in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and surface science are discussed. Two classroom hours and two hours laboratory per week.

4310 Modern Electronics (3)
An integrated recitation/laboratory study of modern analog and digital electronics with emphasis on integrated circuits. Topics include circuit elements, operational amplifiers, logic gates, counters, adc/dac converters, noise reduction, microprocessors, embedded microcontrollers, and digital processing. Three classroom hours or laboratory hours per week.

4311 Advanced Physics Laboratory I (3)
Prerequisites: Advanced standing with at least nine completed hours of physics at or above the 3000 level. Physics majors are introduced to the experimental techniques used in research. A student will choose and do several special problems during the semester. Six hours of laboratory per week.

4323 Modern Optics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 3223. A study of modern optics including diffraction theory, polarization, light propagation in solids, quantum optics, and coherence. Three classroom hours per week.

4325 Topics in Modern Applied Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 4310 and Math 2020. Topics are taken from modern applications of physics which may include linear analysis, nonlinear analysis, Fourier transform spectroscopy, wavelet analysis, noise and fluctuation phenomena, material science, physical electronics, optical techniques, and scanning tip microscopy. Three classroom hours per week.

4331 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3200 and 3231. Photons and the wave nature of particles; wave mechanics, the Schroedinger equation, operator and matrix formulations, and Dirac notation; applications to single particle systems, atomic physics, and spectroscopy. Three classroom hours per week.

4335 Atomic and Nuclear Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4331. Application of Schroedinger’s equation to hydrogen-like atoms; atomic structure and spectra; nuclear masses, energy levels; alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, nuclear reactions, and models of the nucleus. Three classroom hours per week.

4341 Thermal and Statistical Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Math 2000 and Physics 3231. Introduction to statistical mechanics, classical thermodynamics and kinetic theory. Three classroom hours per week.

4343 Selected Topics in Physics I (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3221, 3223, 3231, and 4341. Topics include special phenomena from research areas such as scattering of waves, biophysics, nonlinear physics, geophysical fluid dynamics and the atmospheric sciences treated by methods of advanced mechanics, thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. Three classroom hours per week.

4345 Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Processes (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3221 and 4341 and Consent of Instructor. Dynamical systems; theory of oscillations; introduction to bifurcation theory and chaos in dissipative systems with applications in physics and biology; introduction to stochastic processes with applications in physics, chemistry and biology; dynamics of nonlinear systems perturbed by noise; noise-induced phase transitions; linear and nonlinear time series analysis. Three classroom hours per week.

4350 Computational Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Computer Science 1250, plus Physics 3221, 3223, and 3231. Computer analysis in physics; solutions of eigenvalue problems; coupled differential equations. Three classroom hours per week.

4351 Elementary Solid State Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4331. Theoretical and experimental aspects of solid state physics, including one- dimensional band theory of solids; electron emission from metals and semiconductors; electrical and thermal conductivity of solids. Three classroom hours per week.

4353 Physics of Fluids (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3221, 3223, and 4341, or consent of instructor. Dynamical theory of gases and liquids. Course covers the mathematical development of physical fluid dynamics with contemporary applications. Three classroom hours per week.

4354 Atmospheric Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4341 and 3221. The mathematical application of physical laws to atmospheric dynamics and physical meteorology. Application of mechanics, thermodynamics, optics, and radiation to atmospheric phenomena including the ionosphere. Three classroom hours per week.

4356 Quantum Optics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3200 and 3231, and Math 2020. Review of atomic theory and spectroscopy. Selected applications to modern optical phenomena such as optical pumping, lasers, masers, Mossbauer effect, and holography. Three classroom hours per week.

4357 Subatomic Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3223, 3231 and 4331, may be taken concurrently. Introduction to nuclear and particle physics. Nuclear phenomenology and models; high energy particle accelerators and detectors; phenomenology of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions; symmetry principles; quark compositions of strongly interacting baryons and mesons; gauge theories and the standard model of particle interactions; grand unification. Three classroom hours per week.

4365 Introduction to Plasma Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 3223 and 4341. A study of the nonlinear collective interactions of ions, electrons, and neutral molecules with each other and with electric and magnetic fields. Topics include plasma confinement and stability, electrical discharges and ionization, kinetic theory of plasma transport, plasma waves and radiation, and controlled fusion. Solutions of the Boltzmann, Fokker-Planck, and Vlasov equations are discussed and methods of advanced electromagnetism and statistical physics are utilized. Three classroom hours per week.

4370 Relativity and Cosmology (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3221, 3223, and 3231. An introduction to Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Topics will include special relativity in the formalism of Minkowski’s four dimensional space-time, Principle of Equivalence, Riemannian geometry and tensor analysis, Einstein Field Equation and cosmology. Three classroom hours per week.

4381 Directed Readings in Physics (1-10)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. An independent study of special topics in physics for senior undergraduates or graduate students.

4387 Chemistry/Physics Teaching Intern Seminar (1)
Same as Chemistry 4837. Prerequisite: Chem 4802 or Physics 4802. A seminar to accompany student teaching covering integration of physical science curricula and methods into the classroom setting. To be taken concurrently with Secondary Student Teaching, Sec Ed 3290 One hour discussion per week.

4802 Curriculum and Methods of Teaching Physical Sciences (3)
Prerequisite: Tch Ed 3310 and a near-major in the subject matter. A study of the scope and sequence of the physical science courses in the school curriculum, with emphasis on the selection and organization of materials and methods of instruction and evaluation. Attention is also directed toward learning the techniques and research tools of the scholar in the field of science. To be taken prior to student teaching. This course must be completed in residence.

5402 Introduction to Mathematical Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing in Physics or consent of instructor. A course covering mathematical techniques as applied in advanced theoretical physics including generalized vector spaces and their dual spaces, linear operators and functionals, generalized functions, spectral decomposition of operators, tensor analysis, and complex variables. Three classroom hours per week.

5403 Principles of Mathematical Physics (3)
Graduate standing in physics or consent of instructor. Boundary value problems; Strum-Liouville theory and orthogonal functions; Green’s function techniques; and introduction to group theory with emphasis on representations of Lie Algebras. Three classroom hours per week.

6400 Special Problems (1-5)
Prerequisites: Must have a faculty mentor and approval of the Department Chair. A study of special topics in physics for graduate students.

6401 Special Topics (1-4)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. This course is designed to give the Department an opportunity to test a new course.

6404 Experimental Research Techniques (3)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Experiments in various fields of physics designed to stress techniques and experimental approach.

6405 Theoretical Physics I (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3221 and 3223 or equivalent. Newton’s laws applied to simple systems, central force problem, variational principles. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations, electrostatics. Maxwell field operations, wave propagation.

6406 Theoretical Physics II (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3231, 4341, or equivalent, and Physics 6405. Schroedinger equation and wave mechanical treatment of simple systems: perturbation theory; identical particles and spin. Laws of thermodynamics, canonical systems; thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell equations, open systems, and chemical potential. Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

6407 Modern Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4331. A study of some of the more important concepts of modern physics.

6409 Theoretical Mechanics I (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 3221. Classical mechanics, methods of Newton, Lagrange, and Hamilton, applied to motion of particles and rigid bodies, elasticity, and hydrodynamics.

6410 Seminar (variable hours)
Prerequisite: Approval of department chair. Discussion of current topics.

6411 Electrodynamics I (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 3223. A rigorous development of the fundamentals of electromagnetic fields and waves. Electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell’s equations, Green’s functions, boundary value problems, multipoles, and conservation laws.

6413 Statistical Mechanics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 4331 and 4341. A study of statistical ensembles; Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Einstein-Bose distribution laws, application to some simple physical systems.

6415 Theoretical Mechanics II (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6409. Transformation theory of mechanics, Lagrange and Poisson brackets, Hamilton-Jacobi theory, introduction to the classical theory of fields.

6417 Advanced Statistical Mechanics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6413. A continuation of Physics 6413. Further applications as to such topics as the imperfect gas, condensation and the critical region, magnetism, liquid state, and transport phenomena.

6423 Electrodynamics II (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6411. A continuation of Physics 6411. Applications of time-dependent Maxwell’s equations to such topics as plasmas, wave guides, cavities, radiation: fields of simple systems and multipoles. Relativity: covariant formulation of Maxwell’s equations and conservation laws, fields of uniformly moving and accelerated charges.

6425 Plasma Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 4341 and 6411. Fundamentals of kinetic theory, fluid equations, MHD equations, and applications; wave propagation, shielding effect, diffusion stability, and charged particle trajectories.

6435 Cloud Physics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 3223 and 4341. A study of cloud microphysics and dynamics, atmospheric condensation and freezing nuclei, phase, precipitation mechanisms, aerosol scavenging, role of electrification, current dynamical models, and review of diagnostic techniques.

6455 Theoretical Nuclear Physics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6461. A study of the basic properties of nuclei, nuclear scattering and forces, nuclear reactions, and models.

6461 Quantum Mechanics I (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 4331. A study of the Schroedinger wave equation, operators and matrices, perturbation theory, collision, and scattering problems.

6463 Quantum Mechanics II (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6461. Continuation of Physics 6461 to include such topics as Pauli spin-operator theory, classification of atomic states, introduction to field quantization. Dirac electron theory.

6465 Quantum Mechanics III (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 6461 and 6463. Topics chosen from such fields as: relativistic quantum mechanics, potential scattering, formal collision theory, group theoretical methods in quantum mechanics, electrodynamics.

6467 Quantum Statistical Mechanics (3)
Prerequisites: Physics 6413 and 6463. Techniques for calculation of the partition function with examples drawn from interacting Fermi gas, interacting Bose gas, superconductors, and similar sources.

6471 Atomic and Molecular Structure (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6461. Applications of quantum mechanics to the structure of atoms and molecules; perturbation and variational calculations, self-consistent fields, multiplets, angular momenta, Thomas-Fermi model, diatomic molecules, spectral intensities.

6473 Atomic Collision Theory (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6471 or 6463. Basic quantum mechanical concepts involved in atomic scattering theory. Topics include: elastic and inelastic collisions of electrons and ions with neutral atoms and molecules; collisions between heavy particles; curve crossing; photo-processes; and Coulomb wave functions.

6475 Molecular Spectroscopy (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6461. Introduction to classical and quantum treatment of the vibrational and rotational structure and spectra of diatomic, linear triatomic, and simple polyatomic molecules: vibrational-rotational interactions, point group symmetry in simple infrared spectra analysis, calculations of vibrational frequencies, and normal coordinates of polyatomic atoms.

6481 Physics of the Solid State (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6461. Crystal symmetry, point and space groups, lattice vibrations, phonons, one-electron model, Hartree-Fock approximation, elementary energy band theory transport properties, the Boltzmann equation, introduction to superconductivity, semiconductors, and magnetism.

6483 Selected Topics of the Solid State (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6481. Introduction to many- body perturbation theory, the use of Feynman diagrams. Green’s functions, treatment of the electron-electron, phonon-phonon, and electron-phonon interactions, theory of magnetism, and theory of superconductivity

6485 Advanced Quantum Mechanics (3)
Prerequisite: Physics 6465. Selected topics such as many-body problems field theory, S matrix theory and symmetries.

6490 Research (variable hours)
Prerequisites: Must have a faculty mentor and approval of the Department Chair. Investigations of an advanced nature leading to the preparation of a thesis or dissertation.

6493 Oral Examination
After completion of all other program requirements, oral examinations for on campus students may be processed during the first two weeks of an academic session or at any appropriate time for off-campus students upon enrollment in Physics 6493 and payment of an oral examination fee. All other students must enroll for credit commensurate with uses made of facilities and/or faculties. In no case shall this be for less than three semester hours for resident students.

6495 Continuous Registration
Doctoral candidates who have completed all requirements for the degree except the dissertation, and are away from the campus, must continue to enroll for at least one hour of credit each registration period until the degree is completed. Failure to do so may invalidate the candidacy. Billing will be automatic as will registration upon payment.