Department of Philosophy

http://www.umsl.edu/~philo/

Faculty

Ronald Munson, Professor, Chairperson*
Ph.D., Columbia University
Stephanie A. Ross, Professor*
Ph.D., Harvard University
Paul A. Roth, Professor*
Ph.D., University of Chicago
Lawrence H. Davis, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of Michigan
Jon McGinnis, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania
Thaddeus H. Metz, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., Cornell University
Eric Wiland, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., University of Chicago
Andrew Black, Affiliate Assistant Professor
Ph.D., University of Massachusetts-Amherst
James G. Buickerood, Affiliate Assistant Professor
Ph.D., Rutgers University
Kimberly A. Maricic, Affiliate Assistant Professor
Ph.D. Washington University
Donald W. Mertz, Affiliate Associate Professor
Ph.D., Saint Louis University
David J. Griesedieck, Senior Lecturer
M.A., Princeton University
Robert M. Gordon, Research Professor
Ph.D. Columbia University
Peter Fuss, Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., Harvard University
John E. Clifford, Associate Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., University of California-Los Angeles
David A. Conway, Associate Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., Princeton University
Henry L. Shapiro, Assistant Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., Columbia University

* members of Graduate Faculty

Philosophy continues to keep alive the tradition begun by Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle of critically examining one’s most cherished assumptions. Moreover, it deals with questions that are common to several areas of inquiry, such as art, ethics, the social sciences, the natural sciences, and the various professions. The study of philosophy also encourages logical precision, a heightened awareness of assumptions used in any discussion, and an attitude of both open-mindedness and responsible criticism toward new and unusual ideas. These skills are particularly useful for students planning careers in law, business, computer science, writing, or other fields requiring such discipline of mind. For these reasons, many students have found it useful to combine a major in another field with a major in philosophy. To accommodate such students, the department has a special program for double majors.

The philosophy faculty has an unusually wide range of research interests. Faculty members have written books and articles addressing not only the classical and traditional concerns of philosophy, but also contemporary controversies in the fields of law, psychology, sociology, political theory, biology, medical ethics, theology, logic, and philosophy of history as well. For their research in some of these areas, members have been awarded a number of national research grants, including fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Endowment for the Humanities.

In keeping with this emphasis on diversity, the department is represented by scholars trained in widely different approaches to philosophy, such as the analytic tradition, Continental idealism and existentialism, Marxist dialectic, and Asian modes of thought.

General Information

Degrees and Areas of Concentration
The department offers two options leading to the B.A. degree in philosophy. The first is for students intending to enter graduate school in philosophy; the second is for students seeking a general liberal arts education as their ultimate academic objective or preparing for professional degrees such as law. Each option offers a balance among training in the techniques of logical analysis, study of philosophical classics, and examination of selected problems in philosophy. The department also offers a minor in philosophy for students wishing to pursue a particular interest in philosophy in an organized way.

Undergraduate Studies

General Education Requirements
Majors must meet the university and college general education requirements.  Philosophy 1120(120): Asian Philosophy and Philosophy 1125(125):  Islamic Philosophy satisfy the college cultural diversity requirement. Majors may not count philosophy courses taken on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis toward the degree requirements.

Degree Requirements
Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy
Students must complete one of the following programs.  At least 30, but not more than 45, hours are required for a major. A minimum of 18 hours including all courses for the major at or above the 3000(200) level must be taken in residence in the UM-St. Louis Department of Philosophy.

Option One:  The Major in Philosophy
30 hours of course work are required:

1) Philosophy 3360(160), Formal Logic

2) History of Philosophy
12 hours in history of philosophy, at least 6 hours of which must be at the 4000(300) level. Choose from the sequences Philosophy 3301-3307 (101-107) Philosophy 4401(301) and 4407(322) Philosophy 1110(10) and 1111(11) together count as one three-hour history course.

3) Normative Philosophy
Choose one course from the following:
Philosophy 4430(330): Social and Political Philosophy
Philosophy 4435(335): Classical Ethical Theories
Philosophy 4438(338): Recent Ethical Theory
Philosophy 3374(274): Philosophy in Art  
Philosophy 4474(374): Topics in Aesthetics

Philosophy 4474(374) cannot be used to satisfy both the normative requirement and requirement 5), the "other disciplines" requirement.

4) Core Requirement
Choose one course from the following:

Philosophy 4440(340): Theories of Knowledge
Philosophy 4445(345): Metaphysics

5) Philosophy and Other Disciplines
Choose one course from the Philosophy 4470(370) – 4490(390) sequence.

6) Philosophy 4491(391):  Senior Seminar

7) Other than the courses specified above, only courses at the 3000(200) level or above satisfy the course work requirement for the major. Video courses cannot be used to satisfy course requirements for this program.

When appropriate, Philosophy 4451(351): Special Topics in Philosophy may be used to satisfy 3), 4), or 5).

Students in this program should take Greek, Latin, French, or German to satisfy the foreign language requirement.

Option Two:  The Double Major
The Double Major is intended for students who plan to complete a major in another discipline as well as in philosophy.  24 hours of course work in philosophy are required:

1) Logic
Choose one of the following two courses:
Philosophy 3360(160):  Formal Logic
Philosophy 1160(60): Logic and Language (Formal Logic is strongly recommended)

2) History of Philosophy
Six hours in history of philosophy, at least three hours of which must be at the 4000(300) level.  Choose from the sequences Philosophy 3301-3307(101-107); Philosophy 4401-4422(301-322) and Philosophy 1110 and 1111(10 & 11) together count as one 1000(100)- level history course.

3) 4000(300)-level Courses
A total of nine hours or more at the 4000(300) level other than courses used to satisfy 2) and 4).  Video courses cannot be used to satisfy course requirements for this program.

4) Philosophy 4491(391): Senior Seminar

Departmental Honors
Majors with a 3.2 or higher grade point average in all courses may, with the department's consent, earn departmental honors by:

  • Completing at least six but not more than nine hours of Philosophy 4450(350): Special Readings in Philosophy;
  •  Submitting an acceptable thesis before the end of the senior year; and
  • Passing an oral examination.

In such cases, the 30 hours required for the major will include the credit earned in Philosophy 4450(350): Special Readings for the senior thesis.

Related Area Requirements
Majors are urged to acquire a familiarity with some other field above the introductory level.

Transfer students planning to major in philosophy should consult their undergraduate advisors as soon as possible in order to have their transcripts evaluated.

The Minor
15 hours of course work in philosophy are required. All course work for the minor except Philosophy 3360(160) must be taken in residence in the UM-St. Louis Department of  Philosophy.

  • Philosophy 3360(160): Formal Logic
  • A total of 12 hours at or above the 3000(200) level, at least six of which must be at the 4000(300) level. Video courses cannot be used to satisfy course requirements for this program.
  • Minors are strongly encouraged, though not required, to take Philosophy 4491(391): Senior Seminar.

A GPA of 2.0 or better is required in courses presented for the minor.  Prospective minors are encouraged to consult with members of the department for advice in planning an appropriate sequence of courses.

Graduate Studies

2+3 B.A. and M.A. in Philosophy
The Combined B.A./M.A. Program in Philosophy provides an opportunity for students of recognized academic ability and educational maturity to fulfill integrated requirements of undergraduate and master’s degree programs in three years from the beginning of their junior year. When all the requirements of the B.A./M.A. program have been completed, students will be awarded both the B.A. and M.A. degrees. With a carefully designed program, a student can earn both degrees within as few as ten semesters.

The Combined Program requires a minimum of 138 credit hours, of which at least 36 must be at the upper-division- level course numbers in the 4000(300)-5999(499) range. In qualifying for the B.A. students must meet all university and college requirements, including all the requirements of the regular undergraduate major in Philosophy described above. Students will normally take philosophy 3360(160): Formal Logic and two courses in the 3301-3307(101-107): History of Philosophy sequence in their junior years, along with electives.  Any courses still needed to satisfy college foreign language and expository writing requirements would also be taken during this year.  Philosophy 4491(391):  Senior Seminar and more specialized courses are taken in the senior year. In the fifth year, students take advanced electives and such required courses as are needed to fulfill remaining university, Graduate School, and departmental requirements for the M.A. This includes satisfactory completion of 36 graduate credit hours, at least 18 of which must be in courses numbered above 5000(400) and among which must be at least three in each of the four subject areas listed above for the regular M.A. program. Students are also required to earn a passing grade in comprehensive exams in each of two of these areas. See description below. Up to 12 graduate credit hours may be applied simultaneously to both the B.A. and M.A. requirements. Also, students may elect to write a thesis, in which case up to 6 of the 36 hours may be taken in Philosophy 5495(495) Thesis Research.

Students should apply to the Graduate Committee for admission to the Combined B.A./M.A. Program in Philosophy the semester they will complete 60 undergraduate credit hours or as soon thereafter as possible. It is also recommended that students complete the foreign language requirement and the junior-level writing requirement before applying. A cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or higher and three letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration.

Students will be admitted to the Combined Program under provisional status until they have completed 15 credit hours in it with a grade point average of 3.0 or higher. After completion of the provisional period, and with the recommendation of the Graduate Committee, students can be granted full admission into the program. Students must maintain a grade point average of 3.0 or higher throughout the Combined Program. Students who officially withdraw from the Combined Program who have successfully completed all the requirements for the B.A. degrees will be awarded their B.A. degree.

PHILOSOPHY REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS IN THE 2+3 PROGRAM

  1. To be taken in the junior year:
    Choose four courses (12 credit hours) from the following:
    • Philosophy 3360(160): Formal Logic
    • Two courses in the History of Philosophy, each at the 2000(100) level or above.
    • One additional Philosophy course at the 2000(100) level or above.
  2. To be taken in the senior year:
    Choose six courses (18 credit hours) from the following:
    •   4491(391):  Senior Seminar
    • Either Philosophy 4445(345) Metaphysics or Philosophy 4440(340): Theories of Knowledge.
    • Two History courses, each at the upper division
    • One course from the sequence 4470-4490(370 to 390)
    • Choose one of the following courses:
      Philosophy 4430(330): Social and Political Philosophy
      Philosophy 4435(335): Classical Ethical Theory
      Philosophy 4438(338): Recent Ethical Theory
  3. To be taken in the final year of the program:
    Six courses (18 credit hours)
    1. At least 5 of these courses must be at or above the 5000(400) level.
    2. Courses must be selected so that the student has taken at least one from each of the four subject areas in the course of completing the 2 + 3 program:
      • History of Philosophy
      • Value Theory
      • Logic/Philosophy of Science
      • Epistemology/Metaphysics
  4. Graduate Exit Requirements

Each student must pass a comprehensive exam in two of the four subject areas listed in C above.

Master of Arts in Philosoph
To earn a M.A. in philosophy, students must complete at least 36 hours of graduate-level work and pass two comprehensive exams. Entering students must demonstrate a competence in logic, either by having passed the relevant course(s) prior to admission or by passing a departmental exam. Students may elect to write a thesis, in which case up to 6 of the 36 hours may be devoted to research and writing. Two-thirds (24 credit hours) of the degree program, including the thesis for students taking that option, must be completed in residence at UM-St. Louis. In addition, the courses taken are subject to two distribution requirements:

  1. At least half of the courses must be at the 5000(400)  level
  2. At least one course (3 credit hours) must be chosen from each of the following four subject areas:
  • epistemology/metaphysics;
  • history of philosophy;
  • value theory (including aesthetics courses only with departmental approval); and
  • logic/philosophy of science.

Cooperative arrangement with Saint Louis University
The strengths of the UM-St. Louis Department of Philosophy are complemented by those of the Saint Louis University Philosophy Department, which has strengths in the history of philosophy as well as in philosophy of religion. To enhance students' opportunities for instruction and expertise, the two departments have worked out a cooperative arrangement that permits graduate philosophy students on each campus to take up to four courses at the partner institution. In any given semester, UM-St. Louis graduate students must take at least half of their courses at their home institution. Students admitted to the M.A. program on a probationary basis must take all their courses at UM-St. Louis during their first semester.

Course Descriptions

Students who have earned 24 or more semester hours of credit at any accredited post-secondary institutions(s) before the start of the fall 2002 semester must meet the general education requirements stipulated in the UM-St Louis 2001-2002 Bulletin.  The following courses fulfill the Humanities breadth of study requirements as described in that Bulletin: 1110(10), 1111(11), 1130(30), 1150(50), 1160(60),1185(85),1090(90),1091(91), 3301(101), 3302(102), 3303(103), 3304(104), 3305(105), 3307(107), 1120(120), 1125(125), 2250(150), 2252(152), 2253(153), 2254(154), 2256(156), 2258(158), 3360(160), 2274(174), 2275(175), 2280(180), 3380 (183), 3385(185), 4458(258), 3369(269), 3374(274), 3380(280), 4401(301), 4402(302), 4405(305), 4406(306), 4407(307), 4408(308), 4409(309), 4410(310), 5515(315), 4420(320), 4421(321), 4430(330), 4435(335), 4438(338), 4439(339), 4440(340), 4445(345), 4450(350), 4451(351), 4452(352), 4453(353), 4457(357)), 4460(360), 4465(365), 4469(369), 4470(370), 4474(374), 4476(376), 4478(378), 4479(379), 5580(380), 2281(381), 4482(382), 4483(383), 4484(384), 4485(385), 4487(387), 4490(390), 4491(391).

Phil 1120(120),1125(125) fulfill the Cultural Diversity requirement [CD]. Courses marked [CV] or [H] fulfill the valuing and humanities requirements, respectively.

1090(90) Telecourse: Philosophy and Other Disciplines (3) [V,H]
Video course offering. General introduction to philosophy examines its connections to works of art and related areas. Course does not satisfy any requirements for philosophy major or minor.

1091(91) Telecourse: Significant Figures in Philosophy [V,H]
Video course introduces philosophy through a survey of the ideas of some of the important figures in the history of the discipline. Course cannot be used to satisfy any requirements for philosophy major or minor.

1110(10) Western Philosophy I: Antiquity to the Renaissance (3) [V,H]
Lectures and discussions tracing the development of Western philosophy from its beginnings among the pre-Socratics through the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Philosophical ideas will be examined in the cultural and historical context: the Greek city-state, the rise of Christianity, etc.

1111(11) Western Philosophy II: Descartes to the Present (3) [V,H]
Lectures and discussions on the development of Western philosophy from Descartes (1596-1650) to the present. Philosophical ideas will be examined with an eye to their historical and cultural setting: the rise of modern science, the industrial revolution, the rise of capitalism, etc.

1120(120) Asian Philosophy (3) [CD,V,H]
Critical study of selected philosophical classics of India and China.

1125(125) Islamic Philosophy (3) [CD,V,H]
Introduction to Arabic philosophy in the Islamic classical period (roughly from mid-9th through 12th centuries). Considers philosophical and theological background and examines the thought of such notable Islamic philosophers as al-Kindi, Ibn Sina, al-Ghazali, and Ibn Rushd. Topics include proofs for the existence of God, whether the world is eternal or had a beginning, the nature of the soul and whether it is immortal, and distinction between essence and existence.

1130(30) Approaches to Ethics (3) [V,H]
A study and discussion of representative topics in moral philosophy such as moral skepticism, moral objectivity, theories of obligation and value, evaluation of social institutions, and the relation between morality and science. Traditional and contemporary writers will be considered.

1150(50) Major Questions in Philosophy (3) [V,H]
A study and discussion of representative topics in philosophy such as free will and determinism, concepts of mind and body, the basis of value judgments, knowledge and belief, and the possibility of constructing a world view.

1160(60) Logic and Language (3) [V,H]
An introduction to the language and logical structure of arguments, the principles of sound reasoning, and application of these principles in a variety of contexts.

1185(85) Philosophy of Religion (3) [V,H]
A philosophical investigation of such problems as the nature of religious faith and experience, the relation of faith and reason, alternative concepts of deity, and the problem of evil.

2250(150) Philosophy and Current Issues (3)
A careful examination of such current social controversies as women's liberation, the ethics of abortion, public accountability of holders of high offices, and the subtler forms of racism and other prejudices. Although there is no formal prerequisite, it is recommended that students have taken, or be concurrently enrolled in, at least one other philosophy course

2252(152) Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Justice (3) [V,H]
(Same as CCJ 2252(152). Addresses fundamental conceptual and ethical issues that arise in the context of the legal system. Questions may include: How does punishment differ from pre-trial detention? How, if at all, can it be justified? Is the death penalty ever justified? When is it morally permissible for juries to acquit defendants who are legally guilty? Is plea bargaining unjust? Why might people be morally obligated to obey the laws? Are laws restricting civil liberty (e.g., laws against abortion, homosexuality, or drug use) permissible?

2253(153) Philosophy and Feminism (3) [V,H]
A critical examination of what various philosophers have said about issues of concern to women. Sample topics include oppression, racism, women's nature, femininity, marriage, motherhood, sexuality, pornography, the ethics of care.

2254(154) Business Ethics (3) [V,H]
A critical survey from the perspective of moral theory of businesses and business practices. Topics vary but usually include some of the following: whether the sole moral obligation of businesses is to make money; whether certain standard business practices, e.g., the creation of wants through advertising, are moral; whether businesses ought to be compelled, e.g., to protect the environment or participate in affirmative action programs.

2256(156) Bioethics (3) [V,H]
Same as Gerontology 2256(156). An examination of ethical issues in health care practice and clinical research and in public policies affecting health care. Topics include abortion, euthanasia, health care, experimentation, informed consent, and the right to health care.

2258(158) Medicine, Values, and Society (3) [V,H]
Social, conceptual, and policy issues connected with medicine form the focus of the course. Topics may include: role played by race and gender in design of research and distribution of care; whether diseases are socially constructed categories reflecting the values of society; development of social policies that offer universal access to health care; the legitimacy of using Psychotropic drugs to enhance life, rather than treat disease. The course differs from Bioethics by emphasizing policy issues and their conceptual basis. Content of this course may vary.

2274(174) Philosophy and Literature (3)
Critical reading and discussion of selected literary works in terms of the philosophical problems they present.

2275(175) Philosophy and Film (3)
Study of selected films with emphasis on philosophical problems they address. Attention will be paid to film as an artistic medium and the capacities that distinguish it from other visual, and narrative, arts.

2280(180) Minds, Brains, and Machines (3) [V,H]
Introduction to basic philosophical issues in cognitive science. General topics include minds as computers; computers as minds, or the possibility of artificial intelligence that is truly intelligent; relationship between mental function and brain function. Some areas of current research, such as reasoning, vision, and emotion. 

2281(381) The Darwinian Heritage (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy preferably including Phil 3380(280), Philosophy of Science, as 3 of these, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Examines contributions to science made by Darwin's Origin and Descent, reception of Darwinism by scientists, and its continuing influence in biological, bio-behavioral, and social sciences. Also considers public reactions to Darwinism, including ways in which Darwin's views, and contemporary research in evolutionary theory and genetics, have been regarded as challenging long-held beliefs about "meaning and purpose" of human life.

3301(101) Ancient Philosophy (3)
Freshmen admitted by consent of department. The principal philosophical doctrines of the ancient world, with special emphasis on the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle. Although there is no formal prerequisite, it is recommended that students have taken at least one other philosophy course.

3302(102) Medieval Philosophy (3)
A critical study of the important philosophies of the period from Augustine to the Renaissance. Although there is no formal prerequisite, it is recommended that students have taken at least one other philosophy course.

3303(103) Early Modern Philosophy (3)
Principal figures in the development of rationalism, empiricism and skepticism in early modern Europe, from Descartes through Hume. Although there is no formal prerequisite, it is recommended that students have taken at least one other philosophy course.

3304(104) Kant and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy (3)
A study of Kant and such major nineteenth-century figures as Hegel and Nietzsche, Mill, and Peirce. Although there is no formal prerequisite, it is recommended that students have taken at least one other philosophy course.

3305(105) Twentieth-Century Philosophy (3)
Representative topics in contemporary philosophy, with readings selected from pragmatism, logical positivism, linguistic analysis, and existentialism. Although there is no formal prerequisite, it is recommended that students have taken at least one other philosophy course.

3307(107) American Philosophy (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy or consent of instructor. A study of selected American philosophers.

3360(160) Formal Logic (3)
An introductory study of logical truth and deductive inference, with emphasis on the development and mastery of a formal system. 

3369(269) The Marxist Heritage (3)
Same as Political Science 3690(269) and Interdisciplinary 3690(269). Study of Marx and leading Marxists. Designed to evaluate their influence on recent political, economic, and social thought and institutions.

3372(272) Philosophical Issues in Education (3)
A critical study and discussion of selected topics in education, including the distinctive features of education as an activity and achievement, concepts of teaching and learning, relations between education and values, and the functions of a university.

3374(274) Philosophy of Art (3)
Same as Art 3374(274). A study of issues concerning the definition of art, meaning and truth in the arts, aesthetic experience, and criticism.

3380(280) Philosophy of Science (3)
An examination of logical and methodological problems related to the sciences, including the structure of scientific explanations, laws and theories; methods of concept formation; and confirmation and the problem of induction.

3383(183) The History of Science in Philosophical Perspective (3)
Course explores philosophical underpinnings of science, including assumptions about the nature of reality and about scientific methods, the role of logic and mathematics in science, and revolutions in science. These issues will be studied by exploring concrete examples of science, and tracing developments and changes in understandings of science. Content will vary, but the particular periods of science studied will typically include two or three of the following: ancient science, medieval science, early modern science, 19th century science, and/or 20th century science.

3385(185) Issues in Philosophy of Religion (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 1185(85) or Philosophy 1150(50) or consent of instructor. A careful examination of a selected topic in philosophy of religion or of philosophical issues arising in a selected religion. The topic or religion to be considered will be announced prior to registration.  This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4401(301) Plato (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, a course in Ancient Philosophy recommended, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. A study of selected Platonic dialogues.

4402(302) Aristotle (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, a course in Ancient Philosophy, recommended, graduate standing, or consent of  instructor.  A selective study of Aristotle's major works.

4405(305) The Rationalists (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, a course in Ancient Philosophy recommended, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An examination of the philosophies of such major figures as Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz.

4406(306) The British Empiricists (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, a course in Early Modern Philosophy recommended, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An examination of the philosophies of such major figures as Locke, Berkeley, and Hume.

4407(307) Kant (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, Phil 3304(104) or equivalent recommended, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. A systematic study of the Critique of Pure Reason.

4408(308) Hegel (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, Phil 3304(104) or equivalent recommended, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. A critical study of the writings and influence of Hegel.

4409(309) Phenomenology and Existentialism (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, Phil 3305(105) or equivalent recommended, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. A study of some major  representatives of these schools from Kierkegaard to the present.

4410(310) Significant Figures in Philosophy (3)
Prerequisite: Nine hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Examination of the work of an important twentieth-century philosopher or philosophical movement. The philosopher or movement to be studied will be announced prior to registration. This is a variable content course that may be taken again for credit with approval of instructor and department chair..

4420(320) Topics in Non-Western Philosophy (3)
Prerequisites: Philosophy 1120(120), graduate standing, or consent of instructor.  An extensive exploration of issues in some particular non-Western traditions (Islamic, Indian, or Chinese). This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4421(321) The Analytic Tradition I: Origins to Logical Positivism (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Philosophy 3305(105) and Philosophy 3360(160) strongly recommended. Course studies in depth the development of analytic philosophy through about 1950. Topics include key philosophical writings in this tradition beginning with Frege, Moore, and Russell and concluding with basic texts in logical positivism, with emphasis on Carnap, Schlick, Neurath and Hempel. 

4422(322 )The Analytic Tradition II: Post-Positivism to Present (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Phil 3305(105) and Phil 3360(160) strongly recommended. Study of reactions and responses to basic analytic techniques and positivist doctrines beginning with Wittgenstein, Quine, and Sellars. Implications of these critiques for style and substance of analytic philosophy are studied, including such contemporary developments as reassessment of positivism, revival of naturalism, and "death" of philosophy.

4430(330) Social and Political Philosophy (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An analysis of some fundamental concepts and assumptions involved in the theory and practice of social and political organization.

4435(335) Classical Ethical Theories
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Significant contributions to moral philosophy from Plato and Aristotle to Bentham and Mill.

4438(338) Recent Ethical Theory (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing or consent of instructor. A study of major contributions to twentieth-century ethics, including works by such writers as Moore, Dewey, Ross, Stevenson, Hare, and Rawls.

4439(339) Topics in Ethical Theory (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 4435(335), 4438(338), nine hours of philosophy,  graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Formulation and evaluation of major theories in normative ethics, metaethics, and axiology. Topics include egoism, moral realism, act and rule utilitarianism, and varieties of naturalism and non-naturalism in ethics. This is a variable content course and can be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4440(340) Theories of Knowledge (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An examination of concepts and problems involved in the characterization of knowledge. Specific topics will vary, but will usually include knowledge, belief, skepticism, evidence, certainty, perception, truth, and necessity.

4445(345) Metaphysics (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An examination of selected metaphysical topics such as substance, universals, causality, necessity, space and time, free will, being, and identity.

4450(350) Special Readings in Philosophy (3)
Prerequisite: Special consent required. Independent study through readings, reports, and conferences. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4451(351) Special Topics in Philosophy (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. A critical study of classical and/or contemporary contributions to a selected topic in philosophy. The topic to be considered will be announced prior to registration. This is a variable content course and can be taken again for credit with the consent of the instructor and department chair.

4452(352) Feminism and Science (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. This course will explore major themes and issues in feminist science scholarship, a body of research that focuses on the relationship between science and gender. Feminist research in the philosophy and history of science, and in the biological sciences, are emphasized. Issues include: the nature of objectivity, evidence, and truth; the factors that contribute to the acceptance or rejection of research hypotheses and theories; the nature and consequences of science's cognitive authority; and the relationship between science and values.

4453(353) Feminist Ethical Theory (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 2253(153), six hours of philosophy, or consent of instructor. Examines two classic 18th century statements of sympathy-based moral theory in the works of Adam Smith and David Hume. The course, then looks at a number of contemporary works that attempt to delineate a decisively feminist ethical theory, e.g., the work of Carol Gilligan, Nel Nodding, and Virginia Held. The course explores as well differences among female, feminist, and lesbian ethical standpoints.

4457(357) Media Ethics (3)
Prerequisite: nine hours of philosophy or nine hours of communication or consent of instructor. (Same as Communication 3357(357). This course is concerned with some of the issues that arise from the intersection of ethics and modern media communications. Attention is given to some of the more specific concerns of media ethics, such as truth, honesty, fairness, objectivity and bias; personal privacy and the public interest; advertising; conflicts of interest; censorship and offensive or dangerous content (pornography, violence). Particular attention will be given to problems posed by the development of personal computer communications through bulletin boards, on-line services, and the Internet.

4458(258) Ethics and the Computer
Prerequisites: 6 hours of course work above the level of Math 1030(30) in Math/Computer Science or at least 6 hours of philosophy or consent of instructor. Examination of ethical issues concerning the use of computers generally and software engineering in particular. Aims at developing awareness of these issues and skills for ethical decision making regarding them through careful, analytical methods. Typical issues include privacy, intellectual property, computer fraud, and others.

4460(360) Advanced Formal Logic (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 3360(160), graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Rigorous study of major developments in contemporary logic. Emphasis is given to theoretical problems and some attention is devoted to philosophical issues arising from logic.

4465(365)  Theory of Decisions and Games (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of Philosophy and junior standing, PolSci 6401(401) (or the equivalent) or consent of instructor. Same as PolSci 4060(306). A study of rational decision making, including games against nature, zero-sum games and social choices. Topics will include the following: expected utility maximization, the Prisoner's Dilemna, Nash equilibria, and Arrow's theorem on the impossibility of a social welfare function. Parts of the course are technical in nature; a prior course in mathematics e.g., finite mathematics, calculus, statistics or an economics course with a mathematical component, symbolic logic, or some other course with comparable mathematical content is strongly recommended.

4469(369) Topics in Political Philosophy (3)
Prerequisite: Nine hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Critical examination of philosophical theories of democracy, individual autonomy, political community, social justice, and other selected issues in political philosophy.

4470(370) Topics in Philosophy of Language (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Intensive examination of selected problems encountered in developing philosophical accounts of truth, reference, propositional attitudes, and related concepts. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4474(374) Topics in Aesthetics (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 3374(274), graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Selected topics, such as vision and representation, musical aesthetics, and recent theorists. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4476(376) Philosophy of History (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Discussion and analysis of some philosophical problems raised by historical inquiry, such as subjectivity, relativism, the role of value judgments, and the nature of historical explanations.

4478(378) Topics in Philosophy of Mind (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An examination of selected topics at the interface of philosophical and psychological research. This is a variable content course and can be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

4479(379) Philosophy of Cognitive Science (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 4478(378), nine hours of philosophy, or consent of instructor. An exploration of the philosophical foundations and implications of cognitive science, a cooperative effort of philosophers, cognitive Psychologists, brain scientists, computer scientists, and others to understand the relationship between the mind and the brain.

4482(382) Philosophy of Social Science (3)
Prerequisite: Six hours of philosophy or consent of instructor. An intensive examination of selected topics such as the nature of explanation in social science versus natural science, interpretation theory, and the postmodernism debate e.g., Habermas, Foucault, Clifford. This course may be repeated for credit on approval by the department.

4483(383) Topics in History and Philosophy of Science (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, Phil 3380(280); Philosophy of Science strongly recommended, graduate standing, or three hours of history, or consent of the instructor. Course begins by exploring research methods and interpretative approaches in the history of science and problems and schools of thought in the philosophy of science.  It then turns to recent developments in which links have deepened between the two disciplines through shared research tools, assumptions, and projects. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and the department chair.

4484(384) Topics in History and Philosophy of Medicine (3)
Prerequisites: Six hours of philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. Focuses on the rise of philosophical issues associated with scientific medicine, including the emergence of physiology; identification of infectious and genetic diseases; development of effective drugs; rise of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Topics may include: disease concepts, the classification of diseases, logic of clinical diagnosis, medical explanation, and clinical decision-making.  Topics may also include development of special medical areas such as immunology, cancer treatments, or organ transplantation. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and the department chair.

4485(385) Topics in Philosophy of Religion (3)
Prerequisite: Philosophy 3385(185), nine hours of philosophy, or consent of instructor. An intensive study of problems arising out of traditional and contemporary philosophical theology. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with the consent of the instructor and the department chair.

4487(387) Topics in Philosophy of Law (3)
Same as CCJ 4487(233). Prerequisite: CCJ 1100(010) and 3 hours of philosophy, graduate standing or consent of instructor. An intensive study of recent philosophical debate about such issues as the authority of law, legal equality and justice, legal responsibility, self-determination and privacy, and legal punishment.  This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of the instructor and the department chair.

4490(390) Philosophical Issues in Other Disciplines (3)
Prerequisite: Nine hours in philosophy, graduate standing, or consent of instructor. An examination of selected philosophical issues in a discipline other than philosophy. One or more such disciplines as history, political science, psychology, sociology, biology, chemistry,  physics, or mathematics will be chosen, and philosophical issues selected and announced prior to registration, usually in consultation with the other department concerned.  This course is normally taught as a seminar and attempts to serve advanced students in other departments with or without previous background in philosophy.  This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with the consent of the instructor and the department chair.

4491(391) Senior Seminar (3)
Prerequisites: Senior standing; at least 12 hours of philosophy at the 1000(100) level or above; or consent of instructor. Intensive study of a central philosophical problem. The course emphasizes the fundamentals of philosophical writing and scholarship. Students will write a major paper to be evaluated by two members of the Philosophy Department and the course instructor.

5478(478) Seminar in Philosophy of Mind (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing. Topics may include functionalism and physicalism; representation and nature of propositional attitudes such as belief, desire, and various emotions; folk psychology and knowledge of other minds; introspection and knowledge of one's own mind; conscious and unconscious mental states and processes. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5495(495) Thesis Research (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. May be repeated once for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5515(315) Ethics in Criminology and Criminal Justice (3)
Same as Criminology and Criminal Justice 5515(315), Prerequisite: CCJ 1110(110), 1120(120), 1130(130), 2110(210), 2220(220), Philosophy 2253(153), 2254(154), 2256(156), 4430(330), 4435(335), 4438(338), or consent of instructor. Examination of major ethical issues encountered in criminology and criminal justice research and practice.

5530(430) Seminar in Social and Political Philosophy (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. An intensive study of contemporary philosophical debate about such issues such as civil liberty, economic justice,  political decision-making, and state authority. Variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5531(431) The Nature of Punishment (3)
Same as CCJ 5531(431). Prerequisite: Graduate standing. The historical development of punishment philosophies and techniques. Topics include the emergence of the modern prison, the joining of medical and legal treatment, and rationales for alternative forms of punishment.

5533(433) Philosophy of Law (3)
Same as CCJ 5533(433). Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of origins of law and the basis for legal obligation. Specific consideration of the justification of punishment, morality and law, and legal reasoning.

5538(438) Seminar in Ethical Theory (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Answers questions from normative ethics or metaethics, which may include the following: What do all morally wrong actions have in common? What does the word "wrong" mean?  How, if at all, can we verify moral judgements? Are any moral judgements valid for all societies? Do we always have good reason to be moral?

5540(440)  Seminar in Epistemology (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Close study of selected topics, texts, or individuals in epistemology. Topics may include (but are not limited to) theories of justification, naturalism in epistemology, and conceptions of knowledge. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5545(445) Seminar in Metaphysics (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing. Intensive study of a selected topic or problem area in metaphysics, e.g., mind-body identity, nature of the self, or conception of time. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5551(451) Special Readings in Philosophy (1-3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing, written consent of instructor. Independent study through readings, reports, and conferences. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair. 

5555(455) Ethical and Legal Issues in Criminal Justice (3)
Same as Criminology and Criminal Justice 5555(455). Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of the moral and legal aspects of the policies and practices of criminal justice agencies and agents. Issues may include treatment of offenders, the role of technology, and research and professional ethics.

5560(460) Seminar in Logic (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing. Focused study of topics in logic and/or its history. Representative topics include Aristotelian logic, modal logic, Gödel incompleteness theorems, relevance logic, paraconsistent logic, free logic. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5579(479) Seminar in Philosophy of Cognitive Science (3)
Prerequisites:  Graduate standing. General topics include role of computation in cognitive science, merits of symbolic computation and connectionism, aims and methods of artificial intelligence, and relationship between cognitive science and our everyday understanding of people. Specific topics may include perception, reasoning, consciousness, language, emotion, and will. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

 5580(480) Seminar in Philosophy of Science (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Focus on recent issues and controversies. Topics may include theories and observation, models of explanation, confirmation, realism and antirealism, empiricism and naturalism, "social construction" and feminist views of science. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5582(482) Seminar in Philosophy of Social Science (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing of consent of instructor. Intensive examination of selected topics, e,g., nature of explanation in social science, postmodernism debate (e.g., Habermas, Foucault, Clifford), or relation of social to natural sciences. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

5590(490) Philosophical Issues in Other Disciplines (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Examination of selected philosophical issues in disciplines other than philosophy. One or more such disciplines as history, political science, psychology, sociology, biology, chemistry, physics, or mathematics will be chosen. The discipline(s) and issues selected will be announced prior to registration. This is a variable content course and may be taken again for credit with consent of instructor and department chair.

6421(473) Philosophy of Education (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. Same as Educational Foundations 6421(421). Critical examination of selected issues in education from the perspective of Western philosophy. Topics may include the distinctive features of education as an activity and achievement, concepts of teaching and learning, relations between education and values, and the role of public educational institutions.