Department of History

http://www.umsl.edu/~history/

Faculty

Louis Gerteis, Professor, Chairperson*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Richard H. Mitchell, Curators' Professor*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Jay Rounds, E. Desmond Lee Professor of Museum Studies  and Community History*
Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles
Carlos A. Schwantes, Saint Louis Mercantile Library Professor of Transportation Studies*
Ph.D., University of Michigan
Mark A. Burkholder, Professor*
Dean of College of Arts and Sciences
Ph.D., Duke University
Jerry M. Cooper, Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Walter Ehrlich, Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., Washington University
Paul Corby Finney, Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., Harvard University
John R. Gillingham, Professor*
Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
Steven C. Hause, Thomas Jefferson Professor*
Ph.D., Washington University
Andrew J. Hurley, Professor*
Ph.D., Northwestern University
Charles P. Korr, Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles
William S. Maltby, Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., Duke University
James Neal Primm, Curators' Professor Emeritus*,
Ph.D., University of Missouri-Columbia
Steven W. Rowan, Professor*
Ph.D., Harvard University
Blanche M. Touhill, Professor*, Chancellor Emeritus
Ph.D., Saint Louis University
Robert M. Bliss, Associate Professor*
Dean of Pierre Laclede Honors College
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
J. Frederick Fausz, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., William and Mary
Winston Hsieh, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., Harvard University
Adell Patton Jr., Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Gerda W. Ray, Associate Professor*
Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley
John A. Works Jr., Associate Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Priscilla Dowden, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., Indiana-Bloomington
Kevin J. Fernlund, Assistant Professor
Ph.D. University of New Mexico
Laura Westhoff, Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., Washington University
Robert Archibald, Adjunct Professor*
President, Missouri Historical Society
Ph.D., University of New Mexico
Louise B. Robbert, Adjunct Professor Emeritus*
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
John Hoover, Adjunct Professor*
M.A., UM-Columbia
Peter Acsay, Adjunct Assistant Professor*
Ph.D., Saint Louis University
Michelle Rutledge, Adjunct Instructor
M.A., UM-St. Louis

*members of Graduate Faculty

General Information

Degrees and Areas of Concentration The department offers work in Asian, African, European, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and United States history from ancient to modern times. At the bachelor's level, the department offers the B.A. in history, and, in cooperation with the College of Education, the B.A. in history with teacher certification and the B.S. in education with an emphasis in social studies.

At the graduate level, the department offers an M.A. in history with work in European, Latin American, East Asian, Middle Eastern, African, African-American, and United States history. The department also offers the option of an M.A. in history with a concentration in museum studies.

Departmental Honors
Students majoring in history may be awarded departmental honors upon graduation if they have achieved the following: a) at least a 3.2 overall GPA; b) at least a 3.5 GPA for all hours attempted in history courses; and c) an outstanding research paper in the Senior Seminar as certified by the faculty member responsible for directing it.

Undergraduate Studies

General Education Requirements
History majors must meet the university and college general education requirements. History courses that will satisfy the university's state requirement are:

History 1001(3), American Civilization
History 1002(4), American Civilization
History 1003(6)), African-American History
History 1004(7), The History of Women in the United States
History 2007(207), The History of Missouri
History 3002(302), United States History: Revolution and the New Nation, 1763 to 1815
History 3041(311), Topics in American Constitutional History

Students may take any language that fulfills the college's foreign language requirement. Majors may not take required history courses on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis. Students enrolled in variable credit reading courses for 5 credit hours must complete a seminar paper.

Degree Requirements

Bachelor of Arts in History Students are encouraged to take programs which combine breadth of coverage with intensity. Two of the following are required:

Courses 1001-1064(1 to 199)
History 1001(3), American Civilization to 1865
History 1002(4), American Civilization 1865 to present
History 1003(6), African-American History
History 1004(7), The History of Women in the United States

Plus two of the following:
History 1030(30), The Ancient World
History 1031(31), Topics in European Civilization: The Emergence of Western Europe to 1715
History 1032(32), Topics in European Civilization: 1715 to the Present

Plus:
Non-Euro/American survey: One 3-hour course
Courses 2000-3004(201 to 399):
One course in United States history
One course in European history
One course in Non-Euro-American history
History 4001(390), Special Readings (one credit hour)
History 4004(393), Senior Seminar
Three additional 2000(200) or 3000(300) level courses

Other
Majors must complete at least 39, but not more than 45, hours in history with no grade below C in major. Courses 4011(255) and 4012(256) do not count toward major.  After fulfilling the general education and specific major degree requirements, students are to take the remaining 30 hours required to complete the B.A. or B.S. degrees from courses, which the appropriate department has evaluated as being of university-level quality, from one or more of the following are or their university-quality equivalents at other institutions: anthropology/archaeology, art (appreciation, history, studio), biology, chemistry, communication, criminology and criminal justice, economics, English, foreign languages/literatures, history , mathematics/computer science, music (appreciation, history, performance), philosophy, physics and astronomy/geology, political science, psychology, social work, sociology, business, education, engineering, and interdisciplinary.

Undergraduate majors must complete a residency minimum of 15 hours of 3000(300) level History courses including History 4001(390) (1 credit hour) and History 4004(393) (5 credit hours) in residence.

Minor in History
Students may minor in history by taking 18 hours of history courses as follows:

1) One course numbered 1001-1064(1-199) in each of the following areas: United States history, European history, and Non-Euro-American history

2) One course numbered 2000-3304(201-399), except 4011(255) and 4012(256) in each of the following areas: United States history, European history, and Non-Euro-American history

No course in which a grade below a C is received shall count toward a minor.

Related Areas
Since history is a broad discipline, it can be combined with serious work in any other discipline. Courses in the humanities, social sciences, languages, and the natural sciences may complement the history program. Students should consult with faculty advisers to select courses suited to their individual interests.

Bachelor of Arts with Teacher Certification
For information, refer to the College of Education section in this Bulletin.

Bachelor of Science in Education: Emphasis in Social Studies The history requirements are the same as for the B.A. degree except students fulfill the College of Education general education requirements rather than those of the College of Arts and Sciences. For information, refer to the College of Education section in this Bulletin.

Graduate Studies

2+3 B.A. and M.A. in History
The 2+3 B.A./B.S. – Ed and M.A. in History enables students of demonstrated academic ability and educational maturity to complete the requirements for both degrees in five years of full-time study.  Because of its accelerated nature, the program requires the completion of lower-division requirements (15 hours) before entry into the three-year portion of the program.  It also has prerequisites numbered 5000-5304(300-399) for graduate readings courses numbered 6101-6115(400-499). When all the requirements of the B.A/B.S. – Ed. and M.A. program have been completed, students will be awarded both the baccalaureate and master’s degrees.  A carefully designed program can permit a student to earn both degrees within as few as ten semesters.

The combined program requires a minimum of 137 hours, at least 6 of which must be at the senior level History 4001(390) and 4004(393) and 37 of which must be at the graduate level courses numbered in the 5000-5304(300-399) range and in the 6101-6115(400-430) range.  In qualifying for the B.A. or B.S. – Ed., students must meet all University and College requirements, including the requirements of the undergraduate major.  In qualifying for the M.A., students must meet all University and Graduate School requirements, including satisfactory completion of at least 37 credit hours.

Students should apply to the Graduate Director of the Department of History for admission to the 2+3 combined degree program in History the semester they will complete 60 undergraduate credit hours.  A cumulative grade point average of 3.1 or higher and three letters of recommendation from faculty are required for consideration.  Students will be admitted to the 2+3 program under provisional status until they have completed 30 credit hours in History with a grade point average of 3.0 or higher.  After completion of the provisional period, and the recommendation of the Graduate Director, students can be granted full admission into the program.  Students in the 2+3 program begin to pay graduate credit hour fees for all courses applied to the graduate degree after they have earned 107 hours.  Students must maintain a grade point average of 3.0 or higher throughout the combined program.  Students who officially withdraw from the 2+3 combined degree program will be awarded the B.A. or B.S. – Ed. Degree when they have successfully completed all the requirements for the degree.

UNDERGRADUATE HISTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS IN THE 2+3 PROGRAM

  1. The following requirements must be completed prior to enrolling in the 2+3 Program:
    1. Two of the following courses numbered 1001-1004(003-099):
      1. History 1001(003), American Civilization
      2. History 1002(004), American Civilization
      3. History 1003(006), African American History
      4. History 1004(107), The History of Women in the United States
    2. Plus two of the following:
      1. History 1030(030), The Ancient World
      2. History 1031(031), Topics in European Civilization: the Emergence of Western Europe to 1715  
      3. History 1032(032), Topics in European Civilization:1715 to the Present
    3. Plus Non-Euro-American survey: One three hour course at the 1041-1064(061-084) level.
  2. The following UNDERGRADUATE courses are required for majors in the 2+3 program 
    1. History 4001(390), Special Readings (1)
    2. History 4004(393), Senior Seminar (5)
NOTE: B.S.-Ed. Students must also take History 4012(256), 4013(257) and 4014(258).  

GRADUATE HISTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS IN THE 2+3 PROGRAM

  1. The following GRADUATE courses are required at the 5000-5304(300-399) level
    1. One course in United States History (3)
    2. One course in European History (3)
    3. One course in Non-Euro-American History (3)
    4. Three additional courses (9 hours)
  2. Courses 6101-6123(400-499) level (selected from the eight fields available).  The prerequisite for each 400-499(6101-6123) level course for 2+3 program students is one year or more 500-599 level courses in the field as part of the B.A. (or B.S. Ed.) Program.
    1. Two 6101-6123(400-499) level courses (one of 3, credit hours, one of 5 credit hours) in the first field:  total 8 hours
      Prerequisite: two 500-599(5000-5304) level courses in the field (6 hours)
    2. Two 400-400(6101-6123) level courses (one of one of 5 credit hours) in the second field:  total 8 hours
      Prerequisite: one 5000-5304(500-599) level course in the field (3 hours)
    3. One 6101-6123(400-499) level course of 3 credit hours in the third field: total of 3
       Prerequisite: one 5000-5304(500-599) level course in the field 3 hours

To fulfill the 6101-6123(400-499) requirements, a student would enroll in 8-10 hours one semester and 9-11 hours the other

NOTE:  With prior approval of the Coordinator of Graduate Studies, a student may write a M.A. thesis (6 credit hours); in addition the student may substitute three-three-hour 5000(500)-level courses for the two five-credit hour courses in D 1 and 2.

Degree Requirements
The Department of History offers two options for graduate study, the Master of Arts in History and the Master of Arts in History with Concentration in Museum Studies. These options are described below in separate sections.

Master of Arts in History
The Department of History offers students two ways of completing the master of arts degree: one path of study emphasizes depth of knowledge and research competence acquired through writing a substantial master's thesis; the second emphasizes breadth of historical knowledge acquired through graduate course work and the writing of research papers. Both paths include a core of substantive courses in history (see Core) to which the student adds either a thesis (see Thesis) or additional research papers and seminars (see Research Papers).

The M.A. program offers all students intermediate training preparatory to doctoral programs, advanced training leading to teaching and other careers, and disciplined advanced work.

The department offers study in European history, United States history, East Asian history, Latin American history, African history, and Middle Eastern history. Within these areas of study, students may specialize in the following fields:

Europe to 1715
Europe since 1715
Latin America
United States to 1865
United States since 1865
China and Japan since 1800
Africa and the Middle East
Africa and African American

Admission Requirements
Applicants must meet several departmental admission requirements in addition to the general criteria of the Graduate School. The applicant's undergraduate studies need not have been in history, but they must demonstrate high academic potential. Normally, only students with a 3.2 grade point average in their undergraduate major are admitted; most successful applicants have higher grades.

Applicants must submit three letters of recommendation, preferably from former teachers, and a sample of their written work. The sample may or may not be academic work, and length is not a consideration. Applicants for graduate teaching assistantships must take the GRE Aptitude Test; the Advanced Test is optional. The departmental Graduate Committee bases its admission decisions upon the undergraduate transcript, the letters of recommendation, and the sample of written work.

Core
All candidates for the M.A. degree in history must complete a core of 26 hours of course work (excluding thesis credit), with no more than nine hours of history and related fields at the 3000(300) level (except History 4004(393). This 26-hour core must include seven courses at 3 credit hours each (21 hours in all), and one 5-credit-hour writing seminar consisting of a 2-credit-hour research paper supplement to a 3-credit-hour, 6100(400) level history readings course.

To earn the 26-hour core, candidates select three fields of study, the first with a minimum of four courses (each at 3 credit hours or more), the second and third with a minimum of two courses each (at 3 credit hours or more). Each field must include at least one 5100(400) level course.

In addition to this core, each candidate must select one of the two following degree options:

1) Thesis Option--32 hours total

In addition to the core, the candidate choosing this option must enroll for 6 hours of thesis credit and submit an acceptable thesis. The thesis is based on original research in primary sources. Normally, theses do not exceed 100 pages of text. Candidates receive a grade for the thesis upon its approval by an advisory committee. The committee consists of professors selected by the candidate after consultation with the major professor. One member of the committee must be outside the candidate's general area of study, and one may be outside the history department.

The advisory committee conducts an oral examination on the thesis during the candidate's last semester of residence.

The committee decides whether the candidate shall pass, fail, or fail with the option to repeat the oral examination at a later date. Students may not take the oral examination more than twice. The second examination must be held no less than one and no more than two semesters following the date of the first examination. Summer session may be counted as a semester under this procedure, but students should be aware of the difficulties involved in assembling faculty committees during the summer.

Thesis candidates must demonstrate competence in one foreign language or in quantitative methods as applied to historical study. Candidates shall demonstrate foreign language competence by translating, with the use of a dictionary, 500 words in one hour. A member of the history faculty will conduct this examination. That faculty member will choose the test for translation. Candidates shall demonstrate quantitative methods competence by satisfactory completion of either Psychological Statistics 2201(201) or Sociological Statistics 3220(220), or their equivalent.

2) Research Paper Option-36 hours total

To complete this option, the candidate must complete two 5-credit-hour seminars (each consisting of a 6100(400) level reading seminar plus 2 credit hours of supplementary work on a substantial research paper), in addition to the core. The candidate may choose a fourth field in addition to the three already represented in the core to complete this option.

Master of Arts in History (Museum Studies) and Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies
These options are intended for students planning to pursue professional careers in museums. In addition to the core requirement of substantive courses in history, the Museum Studies program includes intensive training in the theory and practice of museology.  This innovative program is a collaboration between the Department of History, Department of Anthropology, and Department of Art and Art History, and the Missouri Historical Society. It is taught by a combination of professors and practicing professionals from St. Louis-area museums. Recognizing that the museums field is in a period of rapid change, the program is designed to train students for leadership in the emergence of a new paradigm of museology that focuses on relationships between museums and the people and communities that they serve.

For most students this will be a terminal master of arts degree, fully preparing graduates for immediate entry into museum careers in a variety of positions. While the core requirement focuses on history studies, the museological training is applicable to employment in any type of museum.

Admission Requirements
Applicants wishing to enter the Museum Studies concentration must apply specifically for that concentration; successful application for the general M.A. program in history does not automatically provide access to the museum studies program. Applications for the museum studies concentration will be accepted only for the fall semester. Because of the prescribed sequence of course work, no midyear entry into the program will be allowed.

In addition to the general criteria of the Graduate School, applicants for the Museum Studies concentration must meet several additional criteria of the Department of History and the museum studies program. Applicants' undergraduate studies need not have been in history, but they must demonstrate high academic potential. Normally, the history department admits only students with a 3.2 grade point average in their undergraduate major; most successful applicants have higher grades. Applicants must submit three letters of recommendation, preferably from former teachers and/or employers, and a sample of their written work. The sample may or may not be academic work, and length is not a consideration.  Besides these departmental requirements, applicants must submit the Museum Studies Supplemental Application. The supplemental application includes a statement of intent for pursuit of a museum career.

The departmental Graduate Committee and the director of the museum studies program will base their admissions decisions upon the undergraduate transcript, the letters of recommendation, the sample of written work, and the GRE scores as evidence of ability to meet the academic demands of the training program, and the supplemental application as evidence of the will and ability to pursue a successful career in museums.

Applications for the museum studies program must be received by the university no later than March 1.

Museum Studies Curriculum--39 hours total
All candidates for the M. A. in History with a Concentration in Museum Studies must complete History 6134(434), 6135(435), 6136(436), and 6137(437). These courses are cross listed under the same numbers in the Anthropology Department and the Art and Art History Department. Students may enroll through the department of their choice. All candidates must also complete Art and Art History 5588(488) Museum Education and Visitor Research and Anthropology 6139(439) Practicum in Exhibit and Program Development. Together, these courses provide a solid foundation in the theory and history of museology and in practical skills for museum work. As a final requirement, candidates must complete History or Anthropology or Art and Art History 6138(438). This exit project will be the capstone demonstration of competence in museum studies. The specific nature of this demonstration will be customized to the interests and career aspirations of each student. It may take the form of a traditional thesis, an exhibit project, or some other appropriate form, as approved in advance by the candidate's advisory committee.

In addition to these requirements, all candidates must complete 15 hours of elective history course work, with no more than 6 hours of history at the 3000(300) level except History 4004(393). Museum Studies students will take courses distributed in any proportion between the fields of "United States to 1865" and "United States Since 1865." Exceptions to this requirement (e.g., selections of courses from another field, such as European or African history) must be approved in advance by both the director of the Museum Studies Program and the graduate coordinator of the History Department.

Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies (19 hours)
A very limited number of slots may be available for students who wish to pursue only the Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies without seeking the M.A. in History. In most cases, these will be students who already hold an advanced degree and are currently working or planning to work in a museum but who have had no formal training in museum studies. Candidates for the Graduate Certificate must complete History 6135(435), 6136(436), 6137(437), and 6138(438), Art and Art History 5588(488), and Anthropology 6139(439). Contact the director of the Museum Studies Program for availability of slots in this option and for special application procedures.

Career Outlook for B. A. and M. A. graduates
An important rationale for the discipline of history is its  centrality to the university curriculum and to the life experience. The ability to put events or developments into the context of the past is useful as well as pleasurable. Responses to a questionnaire sent to history graduates have indicated that alumni in a wide variety of fields are as conscious of and appreciative of their training in history as those who have chosen it as a profession. Men and women in business, lawyers, bankers, librarians, and foreign service officers have all found it relevant to their careers. Study and research in history sharpens organizational and writing skills important to success in business and the legal profession. A growing interest in local history has created employment opportunities in museum, archival, and preservation work. 

Career Outlook for M. A. with Concentration in Museum Studies
There are more than 8,000 museums in the United States. History museums constitute more than half of that total, and employ approximately one-third of the 150,000 paid staff working in U. S. museums. While job requirements vary widely among individual museums and specific professional roles, the M.A. degree offered by this program qualifies graduates for a wide range of career opportunities, in history museums and in other types of museums as well. The Museum Studies Program provides students with placement assistance and counseling and with access to a wide range of information on career opportunities in the field, and program faculty use their extensive networks in the field to help identify opportunities and to place students.

Course Descriptions
Students enrolled in variable credit reading courses for 5 credit hours must complete a seminar paper.

Students who have earned 24 or more semester hours of credit at any accredited post-secondary institutions(s) before the start of the fall 2002 semester must meet the general education requirements stipulated in the UM-St Louis 2001-2002 Bulletin.  The following courses fulfill the Social Sciences breadth of study requirements as described in that Bulletin. 1001(3), 1002(4), 1003(6), 1004(7), 1030(30), 1031(31), 1032(32), 1041(61), 1042(62), 1051(71), 1052(72), 1061(81), 1062(82), 1063(83),1064(84), 3032(201), 3042(203), 2800(205) 2007(207), 2008(208), 3051(210),3062( 211),3052(212),  2219(219), 3091(242), 3322(245), 3103(262), 3000(300), 3001(301), 3002(302), 3003(303), 3004(304), 3005(305), 3006(306), 3011(310), 3041(311), 3012(312), 3044(313), 3045(314), 3031(315), 3021(316), 3022(317), 3053(318), 3050(319, 3043(320), 3071(321), 3072(323), 3073(324), 3081(332), 3082(335), 3083(336), 3084(337), 3085(341), 3086(342), 3092(348), 3093(349), 3094(351), 3095(352), 3101(361), 3102(362), 3201(371), 3202(372), 3301(380), 3302(381), 3303(385), 3304(386), 4001(390), 4004(393).

The following courses fulfill the Cultural Diversity [CD] requirement; 1041(61), 1042(62), 1051(71), 1052(72), 1061(81), 1062(82), 1063(83), 1064(84), 3032(201), 3103(262), 3101(361), 3102(362), 3201(371), 3202(372), 3301(380), 3302(381), 3303(385), 3304(386).

The following courses fulfill the state [ST] requirement: 1001(3),1002(4),1003(6),1004(7).

1000(2) Selected Topics in History (1-3)
Prerequisite: Consent of Instructor.  May be repeated with consent of instructor

1001(3) American Civilization (3) [ST,SS,C]
Evolution of the cultural tradition of the Americas from the earliest times to the mid-nineteenth century, with emphasis on the relationship of ideas and institutions to the historical background.

1002(4) American Civilization (3) [ST,C,SS]
Continuation of History 1001(3) to the present. Course fulfills the state requirement. History 1001(3) or History  1002(4) may be taken separately.

1003(6) African-American History (3) [ST,V,SS,CD]
A survey of African-American history from the beginning of the European slave trade to the modern Civil Rights era.

1004(7) The History of Women in the United States (3) [ST,C,SS]
A survey of women's history from the colonial era to the present.  

1030(30) The Ancient World (3) [C,SS]
Survey of ancient history in the near east, the Aegean, the central and western Mediterranean. Themes: politics and economy, war and society, culture, including art, literature, technology, religion and philosophy. The chronological span is from the neolithic period (7500-3000 B.C.) in the near east to the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A.D.

1031(31) Topics in European Civilization: Emergence of Western Europe to 1715 (3) [C,SS]
Lectures and discussions on the development of Western European society and tradition from approximately 800 to 1715.

1032(32) Topics in European Civilization: 1715 to the Present (3) [C,SS]
Lectures and discussions on the development of Western European society and tradition from 1715 to the present. Either History 1031(31) or History 1032(32) may be taken separately.

1041(61) East Asian Civilization (3) [CS,SS]
The development of Asian civilization from earliest times to the Manchu conquest.

1042(62) East Asian Civilization (3) [CS,SS]
Continuation of History 61 with emphasis on the Asian response to the Western incursion. Either History 1041(61) or History 1042(62) may be taken separately.

1051(71) Latin American Civilization (3) [CD,C,CS]
A survey of selected topics important in the development of Latin America from pre-Columbian times to the twentieth century.

1052(72) Mexican Civilization (3) [C,SS,CD]
This course will focus on the history and culture of Mexico from the Aztecs to the mid-twentieth century. Among the topics to be covered are: the Aztecs, Cortez and the Conquest of Mexico, colonial institutions and culture, the obtaining of political independence, disorder and dictatorship in the nineteenth century, the Mexican Revolution, contemporary Mexico.

1061(81) African Civilization to 1800 (3) [C,SS,CD]
Introduction to cultural history from the emergence of early mankind to the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. This course fulfills the Cultural Diversity requirement.

1062(82) African Civilization Since 1800 (3) [C,SS,CD]
Survey of African initiative and response in the period spanning the loss and reassertion of independence. History 1061(81) or History 1062(82) may be taken separately.  

1063(83) The African Diaspora to 1800 (3) [C,SS,CD]
An examination of the major developments which have shaped the history of Africans and their descendants in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean areas from the earliest times to 1800. The course will survey the political, social, and religious foundations of the African continent and include a comparative analysis of other diasporas. Special attention will be given to themes and issues associated with: slavery, creolization, multiracialism, transformation from heterogeneous crowds to new homogeneous communities, and cultural linkages between Africans and their descendants in the Atlantic Communities.  This course satisfies the Cultural Diversity requirement.

1064(84) The African Diaspora Since 1800 (3) [C,SS, CD]
An examination of the major developments which have shaped the history of Africans and their descendants in the Atlantic world from 1800 to contemporary times. The course will include a comparative analysis of other diaspora groups. Special attention will be given to themes and issues associated with: slavery, multiracialism, cultural clocks, the social transformation from heterogeneous crowds to the formation of new homogeneous communities, the new elite, and the modern cultural linkages between Africans and their descendants in the Atlantic Communities.  This course satisfies the cultural Diversity requirement.

2000(200) Selected Topics in History (1-3)
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit with consent of instructor.

2007(207) History of Missouri (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or the consent of the instructor. Lecture and readings. Seventeenth-century Spanish and French explorations and interaction with the Indians; settlement and organization of the Louisiana territory; lead mining and the fur trade; the Louisiana Purchase; the Missouri territory; the struggle for statehood and slavery; antebellum politics; banking and internal improvements; westward expansion; Civil War and reconstruction; postwar agrarian politics, industrialization; Irish, German, and southern European immigration; the Progressive reforms--political and economic change; and twentieth-century social changes and political developments.

2008(208) The History of St. Louis (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. This course will provide an overview of the history of the St. Louis metropolitan region from its founding in 1764 to the present. Main topics will include the St. Louis region before the Europeans, forces leading to the founding of the city, St. Louis as an "urban frontier," the Age of Steam on water and rail, the questions of slavery and the Civil War, St. Louis in the Gilded Age, the World's Fair, early efforts at city planning, impact of the automobile, St. Louis during the Depression and World War II, post war suburbanization, urban renewal St. Louis-style, school desegregation, the Schoemehl years, the emergence of St. Louis "Edge Cities," and St. Louis 2004.

2219(219) U.S. Labor History (3)
Examines the history of work and the working class in the United States. It focuses on the transformation of the workplace, the evolution of working class consciousness, the development of the labor movement, the role of race, gender and ethnicity in uniting or dividing the working class, and the nature of labor's relations with other social groups in the political arena. Particular emphasis on the political, and economic conditions and strategies of periods when working class power was growing.

2300(150) The People's Century, Part I (3)
The course provides unique insight into the turbulent events of the last 100 years by combining rare archival film footage with the testimony of ordinary people who lived through the century's sweeping changes and who recount their firsthand experiences.

2800(205) History of American Economic Development (3) [MI]
Prerequisites: Econ 1000(40) or 1001(51) or consent of instructor.  Same as Econ 2800(205).  Uses economic concepts to explain historical developments in the American economy, beginning with hunter-gatherers who crossed the Bering land bridge around 12,000 B.C. Main topics include Native American economies, European exploration and conquest, the colonial economies, indentured servitude, the American Revolution, the U.S. Constitution, westward expansion, transportation, the Industrial Revolution, state banking and free banking, slavery, the Civil War, post-bellum agriculture, the rise of big business and antitrust, banking panics, the Federal Reserve Act, the First and Second World Wars, the New Deal, and the growth of government in postwar economy.

3000(300) Selected Topics in History (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Special topics in history. The course may be repeated for credit with the consent of the instructor.

3001(301) United States History: Colonial America to 1763 (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. English background of colonization; rise of distinctive New England and Southern societies; English colonial policy to the Peace of Paris.

3002(302) United States History: Revolution and the New Nation, 1763 to 1815 (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The American Revolution and the creation of the new nation. The young republic and the development of the first American party system.

3003(303) United States History: Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815 to 1860 (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The Era of Good Feelings, the Age of Jackson, manifest destiny, the political and social developments of the antebellum period relating to the growth of sectionalism and the developing antislavery crusade.

3004(304) United States History: The Civil War Era, 1860-1900 (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The Civil War, Reconstruction, industrial and urban expansion and their impact on American life.

3005(305) United States History: 1900-1940 (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The economic, political, and social developments and crises of the mature industrial United States. The growing importance of foreign relations.

3006(306)United States History: 1940 to the Present (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. The economic, political, and social developments and crises of postindustrial United States. The role of foreign affairs in American life.

3007(307) United States Labor History (3)
Prerequisites: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Explores advanced topics in the history of labor in the U.S. including: globalization and labor process, changing meaning and function of gender, labor/community organizing, immigration and free trade, race and labor market segmentation.

3009(309) St. Louis and the West (3)
Prerequisites: Junior standing or consent of instructor. An examination of the role St. Louis played in the evolution of the North American West, both in the United States and Canada, from the fur trade of the late eighteenth century to the opening of the Texas oil fields in the early twentieth century.  Special emphasis will be given to competition between river and rail transportation corridors, and hence to the rivalry that developed between St. Louis and Chicago.

3011(310) The American West: Gateways and Corridors (3)
Prerequisites: Junior. standing or consent of instructor.  An exploration of the history of the American West from the 1750s to present, with emphasis on the role of transportation. Urban gateways such as St. Louis and San Francisco and transportation corridors such as the Missouri River and the Santa Fe and Oregon trails will be of particular importance.

3012(312) The Indian in American History, 1600-1900 (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or the consent of instructor. Investigates Native American encounters with non-Indian peoples between 1600 and 1900, analyzing how traditional Indian cultures changed to meet a variety of new challenges introduced to North America by Europeans and Africans. The approach will be interdisciplinary and ethonohistorical with emphasis placed on case studies of important native nations at key turning points in their history.

3021(316) U.S. Urban History (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The physical and spatial growth of U.S. cities from colonial times to the present with special attention to the impact of industrialization, public policy, and advances in transportation technology.

3022(317) Comparative Urban History (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. Reviews and analyzes the development of cities from a North American perspective focusing on the 19th and 20th centuries. Attention will be given to the issue of why North American cities appear and function differently from urban areas on other continents, including Europe, Asia, and South America.

3031(315) History of Women in the United States (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. Development of women's economic, political, and social role in the United States with special emphasis on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; women and work; women and the family; women and reform movements; women and education; feminist theorists and activists; images of women.

3032(201) History of Women in Comparative Cultures (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. An introduction to the historical development of women's status in a variety of cultures and periods within the areas of Africa, Europe, the Far East, Latin America, and the Middle East. The course analyzes women's political, economic, familial, and sexual roles and the economic, demographic, ideological, and political forces which promoted change and continuity in those roles.

3041(311) Topics in American Constitutional History (3) [ST]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Origins and development of principal institutions and ideas of American constitutional system; role of Constitution and Supreme Court in growth of the nation; important Supreme Court decisions; great American jurists and their impact on the law; historical background to current constitutional issues.

3042(203) U.S. Social Movements in the 20th Century
Prerequisite: Junior standing or the consent of instructor. This course challenges students to analyze the historical sources, objectives, and techniques of social movements initiated by racial minorities, women, gays and lesbians, evangelical Christians, and many others.

3043(320) History of Crime and Justice (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. Same as CCJ 3043(330). The analysis, development, and change in philosophies and responses to crime. Emphasis on major forms and definitions of crime, the emergence of modern policing, the birth of the prison and the juvenile court.

3044(313) American Military History to 1900 (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. A study of American military institutions from colonial times to 1900. The impact of the military upon major aspects of American life. The place of war in American history to 1900.

3045(314) American Foreign and Military Affairs, 1900-Present (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. A survey of American foreign and military affairs since 1900, with particular emphasis on the major wars during the period and the Cold War Era. Consideration of the nation's changing place in a changing world.

3050(319) Topics in African-American History (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Will explore a salient topic in African-American history. Such historical documents as personal narratives, letters, government documents, and autobiographies as well as monographs, articles, and other secondary sources will be used to explore topics such as slavery and slave culture in the United States; blacks and America's wars; the African-American intellectual tradition; or, African-Americans and the Great Migration.

3051(210) African-American History: From Slavery to Civil Rights (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor. This course examines the impact of region, gender, and class on black activism by focusing on topics such as remembering slavery and emancipation, institution and community building during segregation, changing strategies in politics and protest, and the emergence of the direct action civil rights movement.

3052(212) African-American History: From Civil Rights to Black Power (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. A seminar on the activities, ideas, movement centers, and personalities that created the Civil Rights and Black Power movements in the U.S. from the 1950s through the 1970s. Some familiarity with the broad contours of U.S. history is presupposed. Special attention will be devoted to the roles of the African-American masses, college students, and women, and to the points of conflict cooperation, and intersection between African-America and the larger American society.

3053(318) African-American Women's History (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. This course introduces some of the themes of African-American women's history. By examining the impact of region, gender, and class on African-American women's experiences across time, the course highlights black women's applied and theoretical contributions to feminist politics and activism as well as the black struggle for freedom and equality. Topics covered include: slavery and emancipation, institution and community building, the family and work, electoral politics and direct action protest, civil rights, and contemporary issues.

3062(211) Sport and Society (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or the consent of the instructor. This course looks at sport in Western society as a form of social history. The first section of the course covers from early Olympic games through the end of the eighteenth century. The major part of the course deals with the role of organized sport in Europe and the United States since 1840, the political and economic aspects of sports, and the growth of international sports.

3071(321) Medieval England (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. A brief summary of the Anglo-Saxon heritage and the impact of the Norman Conquest, followed by an investigation of the institutional, social, and legal evolution of the realm of England. English development will be viewed in its European context.

3072(323) York and Tudor England (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. The turmoil over the monarchy and consolidation of the Tudor dynasty. A study of the English Reformation and the political and economic changes of the sixteenth century.

3073(324) Stuart England (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. A study of the English revolutions, religious controversy, and the rise of parliamentary power; the social and economic changes of the century; and the role played by England in the European struggles of the period.

3081(332) Rome: The Republic and Empire (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. A survey of the development of Roman political and cultural life from the legendary founding of the city in central Italy in 753 to the death of the Emperor Justinian in 565 A.D.

3082(335) History of the Church: The Middle Ages (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. A topical study of the Christian church in Europe as an autonomous and central institution from the sixth century through the reformation crisis. Special attention will be given to the relations between the church and the secular world, and the contributions of medieval Christianity to the development of European institutions and ideas.

3083(336) Europe in Early Middle Ages (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The end of the Roman Empire as a universal entity; the successor states of the Mediterranean and Northern Europe; the emergence of a Western Christendom under the Franks; the development of feudal states; the Gregorian reforms; the Crusades; the revival of education and learning in the twelfth century.

3084(337) Europe in the High and Late Middle Ages (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. Medieval society at its political, economic, and intellectual zenith; the crisis of the later Middle Ages; the papal schism and the development of national particular churches within Catholicism; and the rise of estate institutions.

3085(341) The Age of the Renaissance (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The Italian and Northern Renaissance as a distinct age; political, socioeconomic, intellectual, religious, and artistic movements attending the decline of medieval society, and the transition to the early modern period.

3086(342) The Age of Reformation (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. Religious, intellectual, political, and socioeconomic developments of the sixteenth century.

3091(242) European Social History Since 1715
Prerequisite: Junior standing or the consent of the instructor. This is a survey course examining the life of ordinary people in modern Europe. It begins with an examination of economic conditions and the social classes that derive from them. Most of the course explores the conditions of every day life. Topics include demography, marriage and the family, sexuality, children and old age, the roles of women, disease and death, diet, drink and drugs, clothing and housing, leisure and entertainment, and popular attitudes.

3092(348) Europe, 1900-1950: War and Upheaval (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the instructor. The impact of World Wars I and II and the search for equilibrium.

3093(349) Europe, 1950-Present: Peace and Prosperity(3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. A survey of the main social, economic, political, military, and cultural trends since the outbreak of World War II.

3094(351) France in the Modern Age (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. The history of Republican France. Topics discussed include the creation of a liberal-democratic government; the scandals and crises of the Third Republic; the Dreyfus affair; the rise of imperialism, socialism, and feminism; the impact of World War I, the popular front, defeat, collaboration, and resistance during World War II; and the reestablishment of France as an important power.
3095(352) Germany in the Modern Age (3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. The course deals with whether or not the Third Reich should be considered the culmination of German history. Problems of national unification, economic development, representative government, and cultural modernism will be considered.

3101(361) Modern Japan: 1850 to Present (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. The economic, social, and political development of modern Japan.

3102(362) Modern China: 1800 to Present (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. The economic, social, and political development of modern China.

3103(262) Modern History of the Asian Pacific Rim (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: None.  A survey course on the modern history of the broad economic region of East and Southeast Asia as well as the region’s interaction with the United States.  The course is designed for students who need to understand the political and economic dynamics of the countries around the Pacific Basin and the historical roots of various problems.  This course fulfills the Cultural Diversity requirement.

3201(371) History of Latin America To 1808 (3)  [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Latin America from the pre-Columbian civilizations to 1808, stressing social, political, and economic institutions in the Spanish colonies.

3202(372) History of Latin America Since 1808 (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Emphasis on the attainment of political independence and social, political, and economic developments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Latin America. 

3301(380) West Africa to 1800 (3)  [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. This course discusses both the history and historiography of Africa's most populous and ethnically diverse region. Beginning with the prehistoric era prior to the desiccation of the Sahara, the course explores climatology and population movement, changes in food production and technology, state formation, the spread of Islam, cultural and political diversity in the forest region, domestic slavery, the Atlantic slave trade and abolition.

3302(381) West Africa Since 1800 (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Analysis of change in the savanna/forest societies occasioned by Islamic reform and the end of the slave trade, the imposition of colonial rule and African response, growth of nationalist protest, and post independence development

3303(385) Africa Diaspora to 1800 (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Comparative in scope, the course examines major themes in West and Central Africa and their impact on the history of Africans in the Atlantic diaspora up to 1800. Themes include: slavery, multiracialism, economics of the South Atlantic system, political dimensions and the social transformation from heterogeneous crowds to new and homogenous communities. Linkages between Africans and their descendants in the Atlantic communities of Latin America, the Caribbean, as well as North America will be stressed.

3304(386) African Diaspora Since 1800 (3) [CD]
Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Comparative in scope, this course uses a comparative methodology to examine the major themes in West and Central Africa and their impact on the history of Africans in the Atlantic diaspora after 1800.

3322(245) Advanced History of Natural History: Systematics, Ecology, and Natural History in the Strict Sense (3)
Prerequisites: At least 3 biology courses beyond the introductory level or permission of instructor. Topics include principles of ethnobiological classification, Aristotle and Theophrastus and their incorporation in western science, and natural history in the Renaissance. Focuses on breakup of natural history after 1750; integration of natural history and botany in popular culture and its consequences for professional disciplines; relationships between new botany and classification botany, among botany, zoology and biology at the end of 19th century, and between field and laboratory science; and conflict between systematic schools in later 20th century. Three hours of lecture per week. Paper on topic of student's choice required. Credit not granted for more than one of Biology 3322(362), History 3322(245), and Biology 5322(462).

4001(390) Special Readings (1-10)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor. Independent study through readings, reports, and conferences.

4002(392) Collaborative Research (3-6)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Faculty-student collaboration on a research project designed to lead toward publication of a jointly authored article. Faculty member will direct the research.

4003(394) Internship (3-6)
Prerequisites: Consent of supervising instructor and institution offering the internship.  Supervised practicum in a museum, historical agency, and other institution offering an opportunity for hands-on experience in public history. This elective course supplements but does not replace requirements for baccalaureate degree in history. May not be taken for graduate credit.

4004(393) Senior Seminar (5)
Prerequisite: Consent of department and presentation of three examples of formal written work submitted in prior upper-division courses in history. Studies in historical methodology and historiography. Directed readings, research, and writing leading to the production of an original piece of historical scholarship. An exit interview is required. Senior Seminar is required for all history majors. May not be taken for graduate credit.

4011(255) Curriculum and Methods of Teaching Secondary School History and Social Studies (3)
Same as Sec Ed 3255(255). Prerequisite: Junior standing and Tch Ed 3310(310). A study of the scope and sequence of history and social studies courses in the school curriculum, with emphasis on the selection and organization of materials and methods of instruction and evaluation. Attention is directed also toward learning the techniques and research tools of the scholar in the fields of history and social studies. May not count toward history hours required for history major. Must be completed prior to student teaching. This course must be completed in residence.

4012(256) Social Studies Teaching Intern Seminar (1)
Same as Sec Ed 3256(256). Prerequisite: Must be enrolled concurrently in student teaching. Addresses the application of educational philosophy, social studies curriculum, teaching strategies, and instructional technology in the classroom setting. Offered concurrently with Secondary School Student Teaching, Sec Ed 3290(290).

4013(257) United States History for the Secondary Classroom (3)
Prerequisites: Tch Ed 3310 or consent of the instructor. Same as Sec Ed 3257(257). This course is required for Social Studies certification. Adapts the themes and subject matter of American history to the secondary classroom and trains teachers in techniques particularly designed to maximize the use of primary sources, foster critical inquiry, and encourage knowledge of subject matter. Particular emphasis will be placed on defining the broad and connecting themes of American history, on expanding bibliography, and on choosing methods of inquiry for use in an interactive classroom. Cannot be counted towards the minimum 38-hour history major requirement, but can be counted towards the 45-hour maximum and for Social Studies Certification.

4014(258) World History for the Secondary School Classroom (3)
Prerequisites: Tch Ed 3310 or consent of the instructor. Same as Secondary Education 3258(258). This course is required for Social Studies certification. Adapts the themes and subject matter of World history to the secondary classroom and trains teachers in techniques particularly designed to maximize the use of primary sources, foster critical inquiry, and encourage knowledge of subject matter. Particular emphasis will be placed on defining the broad and connecting themes of World history, on expanding bibliography, and on choosing methods of inquiry for use in an interactive classroom. Cannot be counted towards the minimum 38-hour history major requirement, but can be counted towards the 45-hour maximum and for the Social Studies Certification.

6013(440) United States History for the Secondary Classroom (3-6)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. The intent of this course is to adapt the themes and subject matter of American history to the secondary classroom and to train teachers in the methodology of Socratic symposium, techniques particularly designed to maximize the use of sources, foster critical inquiry, and encourage knowledge of subject matter. Particular emphasis will be placed on defining the broad and connecting themes of American history, on expanding bibliography and on methods for choosing primary sources for use in an interactive classroom. History 6013(440) may not be used to meet History degree requirement.

6014(441) World History for the Secondary Classroom (3-6)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing or consent of instructor. The intent of this course is to adapt the themes and subject matter of World history to the secondary classroom and to train teachers in the methodology of Socratic symposium, techniques designed to maximize the use of sources, foster critical inquiry, and encourage knowledge of subject matter. Particular emphasis will be placed on defining the broad and connecting themes of World history, on expanding bibliography and on methods for choosing primary sources for use in an interactive classroom. History 6014(441) may not be used to meet History degree requirement.

6101(400) Readings in American History to 1865 (3 or 5) Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in American history to 1865.

6102(405) Readings in American History Since 1865 (3 or 5) Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in American history since 1865.

6103(403) Mercantile Library Seminar and Readings in American History (3-5)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in American history that draw heavily upon resources in the St. Louis Mercantile Library.

6104(407) Readings in African-American History (3 or 5)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writings on selected topics and areas in African-American history.

6110(409) St. Louis: Metropolitan and Regional History (3 or 5)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing.  Principal areas of study will include the St. Louis region before European settlement; St. Louis as an ‘urban frontier’; the impact of steam powered transportation; the crisis of slavery and the Civil War; St. Louis in the Gilded Age; the 1904 World’s Fair and the origins of urban planning; the impact of the automobile; the St. Louis region in the Great Depression and W.W. II; suburbanization, urban renewal and desegregation; from the Schoemehl years to St. Louis 2004.

6111(410) Readings in European History to 1715 (3 or 5) Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in European history to 1715.

6112(415) Readings in European History Since 1715 (3 or 5) Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in European history since 1715.

6113(420) Readings in East Asian History (3 or 5)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in East Asian history.

6114(425) Readings in Latin American History (3 or 5) Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in Latin American history.

6115(430) Readings in African History (3 or 5)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Directed readings and writing on selected topics and areas in African history.

6121(449) Directed Readings (1-3)
Prerequisite: Consent of a member of the doctoral faculty. Directed research at the graduate level.

6122(447) Collaborative Research (3-6)
Prerequisites: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Faculty-student collaboration on a research project designed to lead toward publication of a jointly authored article. Faculty member will direct the research.

6123(448) Thesis Seminar (2-6)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Thesis research and writing on a selected topic in history. 

6131(442) Doctoral Proseminar in Metropolitan History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing.  Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

6132(443) Doctoral Proseminar in Regional History (3)
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing.  Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

6134(434) History Curatorship (5)
Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor. Principles and practices of curatorship in history museums. Historiography and research in material culture; theoretical foundations; methodologies for collecting and curating collections; legal and ethical issues, interpretation, role of the history curator in exhibit and program developments; and responsibilities to the community.

6135(435) Foundations of Museology I (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of Director of Museum Studies Program. Same as Art 6035(435) and Anthropology 6135(435). Concepts for understanding museums in their social and cultural context; history of museums; museology and general social theory; information transfer vs. meaning-making models; museums and communities; the changing role of museums; museums as complex organizations; process models of museology.

6136(436) Foundations of Museology II (3)
Prerequisite: History 6035(435) and consent of Director of Museum Studies Program. Same as Art 6036(436) and Anthropology 6136(436). Audience-centered approaches to museology; visitor research and learning theory; philosophical and practical considerations in museum planning; the physical design of museums; creativity; exhibit and program development; collections and curation; the challenge of diversity; the future of museums.

6137(437) Effective Action in Museums (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of Director of Museum Studies Program. Same as Art  6037(437) and Anthropology 6137(437). The nature of the work done in museums; how museums are organized to accomplish this work; professional roles and practices; technology and resources used by museums, skills for creative and effective leadership in project management and administration in museums; planning, flow charting, budgeting, team dynamics, and related skills. The course will include several site visits to area museums and guest lectures by a variety of museum professionals.

6138(438) Museum Studies Master's Project (4)
Prerequisite: Consent of Director of Museum Studies Program. Same as Art 6038(438) and Anthropology 6138(438). Research and writing/exhibit development on a selected topic.

7001(450) Doctoral Proseminar in American History to 1865 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Symantec review of the literature and methods of the field.

7002(451) Doctoral Research Seminar in American History to 1865 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7003(455) Doctoral Proseminar in American History Since 1865 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7004(456) Doctoral Research Seminar in American History Since 1865 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7005(452) Doctoral Proseminar in African-American History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7006(453) Doctoral Research Seminar in African-American History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7007(460) Doctoral Proseminar in European History to 1715 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7008(461) Doctoral Research Seminar in European History to 1715 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7009(465) Doctoral Proseminar in European History Since 1715 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7010(466) Doctoral Research Seminar in European History Since 1715 (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7011(470) Doctoral Proseminar in East Asian History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7012(471) Doctoral Research Seminar in East Asian History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7013(475) Doctoral Proseminar in Latin American History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7014(476) Doctoral Research Seminar in Latin American History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7015(480) Doctoral Proseminar in African History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Systematic review of the literature and methods of the field.

7016(481) Doctoral Research Seminar in African History (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing. Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7017(491) Dissertation Research (1-18)
Prerequisite: Completion of the doctoral qualifying examination. Dissertation research and writing on a selected topic in history.

7018(492) Doctoral Presentation Seminar (1-3)
Prerequisite: Previous enrollment in History 7017(491) and consent of department. Discussion and presentation of research in progress for the doctoral dissertation. Normally taken in the final year.

7019(499) Directed Readings for Doctoral Students (1-6)
Prerequisite: Consent of a member of the doctoral faculty. Directed research at the doctoral level.

7101(444) Doctoral Research in Metropolitan History (3)
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor and advanced graduate standing.  Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.

7102(445) Doctoral Research Seminar in Regional History (3)
Prerequisites: Consent of the instructor and advanced graduate standing.  Discussion and presentation of research on a special topic within the field.